Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in inflammation, innate immunity and cancer. The goal of this paper is to review the available published research about Toll-like receptors and their roles in gynecologic malignancies. METHODS:A Medline search was conducted and published articles from the late 1990s to the present (2014) were reviewed using search phrases, Toll-like receptors and cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers. RESULTS:TLR4 and TLR5 are commonly absent in normal cervix, however TLR5 expression is strong in high grade cervical dysplasia as well as invasive cancer. The expression of TLR3 and TLR4 is low in endometrial cancer. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5 are highly expressed in normal and neoplastic ovarian epithelium. TLR3 has been shown to have a dual function: it can contribute to tumor elimination by upregulation of interferons α and β (INF) and natural killer cell (NK) activation or it can indirectly contribute to tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS:Inflammation is an essential element in tumorigenesis. Toll-like receptors can trigger an inflammatory response and cell survival in the tumor micro-environment. TLRs are critical immunomodulators that may play an important role in the development of gynecologic cancers. Currently TLR agonists are being investigated for a potential role as an adjuvant in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies.
journal_name
Gynecol Oncoljournal_title
Gynecologic oncologyauthors
Husseinzadeh N,Davenport SMdoi
10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.08.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
359-63issue
2eissn
0090-8258issn
1095-6859pii
S0090-8258(14)01266-9journal_volume
135pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In a study of 73 patients, diagnosed with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva between 1975 and 1990, the effect of clinical variables on the outcome was evaluated. The overall 5-year survival rate was 35.2%. Of the 73 patients, 33 (45.2%) originally had Stage I or II disease and 40 (54.8%) Stage III or IVA;...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/gyno.1993.1032
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The steroid receptor content of the primary endometrial cancer of 22 patients who were treated for recurrent or advanced disease has been measured and correlated with response to medroxyprogesterone acetate. No patient with a progesterone receptor (PR)-negative tumor responded and only 2 patients with PR-positive tumo...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(85)90269-0
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Herpes gestationis (HG) is a rare, recurrent, pruritic, vesicobullous dermatosis occurring predominantly in pregnancy and seldom in early puerperium. Reports of the association of HG with choriocarcinoma are extremely rare and this case highlights such a possible link. CASE:This case focuses on the late pos...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00070-2
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the systemic treatment of advanced uterine sarcoma and provide an evidence-based summary of the available literature. METHODS:MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. "Uterine sarcoma," "leiomyosarcoma," "mixed mesodermal tu...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.01.041
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (LCNEC) is a rare cervical neoplasm associated with poor survival. Our objective was to identify treatments associated with improved survival. METHODS:Relevant data were abstracted from an English literature MEDLINE search, SEER database, and a patient treate...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.11.007
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to examine the outcomes of combined chemotherapy using methotrexate and dactinomycin in the management of women with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The primary outcome is the total number of cycles of chemotherapy required to achieve a normal level of human ...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.10.036
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological cancer. Various molecular changes have been identified and have shown promise for their diagnostic, prognostic and curative capacity but still need further validation. Among different mechanisms, the present article reviews the importance of epigenetic cha...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.03.015
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a series of 38 nonmetastasizing and 29 metastasizing endometrial cancers, histologic subtype, aneuploidy, nuclear grade, and depth of myometrial invasion were the features most distinctly separating these two groups of patients. The most important factor was histologic type: papillary, papillary serous, adenosquamo...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(90)90251-f
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) receiving intramuscular methotrexate 50 mg total dose/day versus 1 mg/kg/day in a 8-day methotrexate/folinic acid (MTX/FA) regimen. METHODS:This retrospective, multicenter study included 176 patients: 9...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.025
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to determine the mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in ovarian tumors and normal ovaries of the hen, which is an excellent model for human ovarian cancer. Tissue concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2) and PGE2 metabolites were also determi...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.05.012
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The host-tumor interactions and tumor stroma may participate in the regulation of invasive behavior of tumor cells. In order to better understand the human ovarian cancer invasion we explored the possibility that normal fibroblasts could participate in the control of the spread of human ovarian cancer. RESUL...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gyno.1997.4808
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ovarian sex cord stromal tumors are frequently hormonally active, and adult granulosa cell tumors often demonstrate estrogen receptor positivity. Thus, hormonal agents have been evaluated as potential treatments for advanced stage or recurrent adult granulosa cell tumors. CASE:Two cases of patients with rec...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.06.022
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of malignant pericardial effusion in a 67-year-old patient with serous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma is presented. Pericardial effusion was treated successfully with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. The primary tumor had previously been assumed to be sensitive to this combination by using an in vivo p...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(88)90036-4
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stage IIB-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix when treated by irradiation has a significant failure rate. Causes of pelvic and distant failure are discussed. New techniques employed to improve local control and decrease distant metastasis are presented. Data on morbidity, mortality, and survival will be reviewed ...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(86)90135-6
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Some authors have recommended the use of diagnostic laparoscopy as a pretreatment assessment step for conservative hormonal treatment in young women with endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of synchronous primary cancer of the endometrium and ovary in young women. METHODS...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.09.009
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The therapeutic value of 131I-OC125, a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody directed against a human ovarian tumor associated antigen CA125, was examined in an ascites forming intraperitoneal human ovarian carcinoma nude mouse model. Nude mice were injected intraperitoneally with NIH:OVCAR3 cells. Twenty-one days after tu...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(89)90643-4
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The utility of parametrial resection in women with early stage cervical cancer is controversial. In patients with favorable pathologic characteristics such as tumor size <2cm and the absence of lymphovascular space invasion, the rate of parametrial involvement is very low. More conservative surgical approach...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.352
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) may involve the lower female genital tract, most often as a manifestation of systemic disease and rarely as a primarily localisation. CASE:A 73-year-old woman, HIV-negative, presented with a 5-month history of a mass in the left Bartholin's gland. The performed biopsy was report...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gyno.2002.6828
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of introducing a robotics program on clinical outcome of elderly patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS:Evaluation and comparison of peri-operative morbidity and disease-free interval in 163 consecutive elderly patients (≥70years) with endometrial cancer undergoing staging procedure...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.572
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective was to identify the factors, if any, that may predict long-term results of CIN treatment and HPV clearance/persistence after locally excisional therapy. METHODS:A series of 252 women with CIN lesions treated by conization were subjected to sequential HPV detection by repeated PCR during the pro...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00268-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considerable debate centers on the optimal treatment for vulvar melanoma, as well as those clinicopathological factors influencing prognosis. We reviewed 80 patients with vulvar melanoma seen between 1949 and 1990. Primary tumors were assessed according to Chung (47 patients) and Breslow (65 patients) microstaging sys...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(92)90300-8
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Based on previous studies, standard gynecological screening consisting of annual transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) was added with endometrial sampling in women with Lynch syndrome (LS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional value of endometrial sampling in detecting (pre)malignancies of the en...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.05.032
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and three patients treated with CAP chemotherapy were evaluated to determine the relationship between low prechemotherapy serum albumin (less than 3 g/dl) and low WBC nadir (less than 2000 cells/mm3). Additionally, the relationship of serum albumin to renal toxicity (delta serum creatinine) was examined. L...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0090-8258(90)90315-c
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We conducted a case-control study to analyze risk factors for ovarian cancer. METHODS:Cases included 440 women (age range 13-80 years, median 54) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer who were admitted to the Gynecological Oncological Department of Gynecologic Oncology at the...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gyno.2000.5909
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in malignant lesions from Hong Kong Chinese women with carcinomas of the upper genital tract. METHODS:The presence of high-risk HPVs in 55 cases of endometrial adenocarcinomas and 60 cases of primary ep...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gyno.2002.6784
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benign cystic mesothelioma is a tumor characteristically found in women during the reproductive years. These tumors are infrequently found after castration or menopause, suggesting some degree of hormonal sensitivity. Such aspects of the tumor suggest a potential role for antiestrogens as medical management and an alt...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gyno.1998.5031
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of surgical complexity on postoperative complications and mortality, according to patient's frailty (mFI) following surgery for ovarian cancer. METHODS:Patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer from 2008 to 2018 were identified from our databa...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.08.022
更新日期：2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of Stage IIIC primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma in a premenopausal woman with multiple recurrences alive and well 7 years after diagnosis is presented. In addition to the typical light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of ovarian leiomyosarcoma, the tumor was progesterone receptor...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/gyno.1997.4824
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE AND METHODS:Ten vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell lines established at the University of Michigan (UM-SCV-1A, -1B, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7) and at the University of Turku (UT-SCV-1, -2, -3) were characterized by G-banding karyotyping, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) flow ...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.12.033
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to estimate the clinical response rate and toxicity of daily tamoxifen combined with intermittent weekly medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). METHODS:This study reports the results of 61 patients with measurable advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma enrolled on this stu...
journal_title：Gynecologic oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.09.018
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
