Random-effects meta-analysis of the clinical utility of tests and prediction models.

abstract：:I derive the locally most powerful rank tests for acceleration against semi-parametric alternatives when some patients are cured of the disease. I consider some particular classes of alternatives and present simulation results to verify the validity of the proposed tests. Real data from clinical trials for childhood l...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lee JW

更新日期：1995-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of screening programmes for cancer is early detection and treatment with a consequent reduction in mortality from the disease. Screening programmes need to assess the true benefit of screening, that is, the length of time of extension of survival beyond the time of advancement of diagnosis (lead-time). This p...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xu JL,Prorok PC

更新日期：1995-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:When analyzing time to disease recurrence, we sometimes need to work with data where all the recurrences are recorded, but no information is available on the possible deaths. This may occur when studying diseases of benign nature where patients are only seen at disease recurrences or in poorly-designed registries of b...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Štupnik T,Pohar Perme M

更新日期：2016-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Diseases can be interconnected. In the recent years, there has been a surge of multidisease studies. Among them, HDN (human disease network) analysis takes a system perspective, examines the interconnections among diseases along with their individual properties, and has demonstrated great potential. Most of the existi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ma C,Li Y,Shia B,Ma S

更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent event data occur in many clinical and observational studies, and in these situations, there may exist a terminal event such as death that is related to the recurrent event of interest. In addition, sometimes more than one type of recurrent events may occur, that is, one may encounter multivariate recurrent e...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zhu L,Sun J,Srivastava DK,Tong X,Leisenring W,Zhang H,Robison LL

更新日期：2011-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Data monitoring committees (DMCs) have become an increasingly common component of randomized clinical trials in recent years. As experience has accumulated, and more individuals and organizations have become involved in such activities, a variety of approaches to the operation of such committees has inevitably arisen....

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ellenberg SS

更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider several sources of heterogeneity in a clinical trial with patients' survival time as the main response criterion: differences in prognosis which can be attributed to a latent or ignored prognostic factor; differences in treatment efficacy in subgroups of patients, and differences in treatment combinations ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Schumacher M,Olschewski M,Schmoor C

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The log-rank test is the most powerful non-parametric test for detecting a proportional hazards alternative and thus is the most commonly used testing procedure for comparing time-to-event distributions between different treatments in clinical trials. When the log-rank test is used for the primary data analysis, the s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zhang D,Quan H

更新日期：2009-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The general linear mixed model provides a useful approach for analysing a wide variety of data structures which practising statisticians often encounter. Two such data structures which can be problematic to analyse are unbalanced repeated measures data and longitudinal data. Owing to recent advances in methods and sof...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cnaan A,Laird NM,Slasor P

更新日期：1997-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Longitudinal studies are often concerned with estimating the recurrence rate of a non-fatal event. In many cases, only the total number of events occurring during successive time intervals is known. We compared a mixed Poisson-gamma regression method proposed by Thall and a quasi-likelihood method proposed by Zeger an...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Stukel TA

更新日期：1993-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The focus of this paper is the development of a range of cluster detection diagnostics that can be used to assess the degree to which a clustering method recovers the true clustering behaviour of small area data. The diagnostics proposed range from individual region specific diagnostics to neighbourhood diagnostics, a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hossain MM,Lawson AB

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Instrumental variable is an essential tool for addressing unmeasured confounding in observational studies. Two-stage predictor substitution (2SPS) estimator and two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) are two commonly used approaches in applying instrumental variables. Recently, 2SPS was studied under the additive hazards...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ying A,Xu R,Murphy J

更新日期：2019-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In modern observational studies using electronic health records or other routinely collected data, both the outcome and covariates of interest can be error-prone and their errors often correlated. A cost-effective solution is the two-phase design, under which the error-prone outcome and covariates are observed for all...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Tao R,Lotspeich SC,Amorim G,Shaw PA,Shepherd BE

更新日期：2021-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We discuss some of the fundamental concepts underlying the development of frailty and random effects models in survival. One of these fundamental concepts was the idea of a frailty model where each subject has his or her own disposition to failure, their so-called frailty, additional to any effects we wish to quantify...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： O'Quigley J,Stare J

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose to use a very simple model to test whether a cancer cluster is due to chance alone. We focus on the acute childhood leukaemia cluster in Columbus, Ohio. In 1975, 12 leukaemia cases were observed in Columbus while the expected number is 6 cases per year. According to our simple model, the probability of such...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Schinazi RB

更新日期：2000-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Diagnostic problems in medicine are sometimes polytomous, meaning that the outcome has more than two distinct categories. For example, ovarian tumors can be benign, borderline, primary invasive, or metastatic. Extending the main measure of binary discrimination, the c-statistic or area under the ROC curve, to nominal ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Van Calster B,Van Belle V,Vergouwe Y,Timmerman D,Van Huffel S,Steyerberg EW

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The induced smoothing technique overcomes the difficulties caused by the non-smoothness in rank-based estimating functions for accelerated failure time models, but it is only natural when the estimating function has Gehan's weight. For a general weight, the induced smoothing method does not provide smooth estimating f...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chiou S,Kang S,Yan J

更新日期：2015-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant source of missing data in longitudinal epidemiological studies on elderly individuals is death. Subjects in large scale community-based longitudinal dementia studies are usually evaluated for disease status in study waves, not under continuous surveillance as in traditional cohort studies. Therefore, for...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Harezlak J,Gao S,Hui SL

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The case-control study is a simple and an useful method to characterize the effect of a gene, the effect of an exposure, as well as the interaction between the two. The control-free case-only study is yet an even simpler design, if interest is centered on gene-environment interaction only. It requires the sometimes pl...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lee WC,Wang LY,Cheng KF

更新日期：2010-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A popular method to control multiplicity in confirmatory clinical trials is to use a so-called hierarchical, or fixed sequence, test procedure. This requires that the null hypotheses are ordered a priori, for example, in order of clinical importance. The procedure tests the hypotheses in this order using alpha-level t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Edwards D,Madsen J

更新日期：2007-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Multilevel mixed effects survival models are used in the analysis of clustered survival data, such as repeated events, multicenter clinical trials, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses, to investigate heterogeneity in baseline risk and covariate effects. In this paper, we extend parametric frailty model...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Crowther MJ,Look MP,Riley RD

更新日期：2014-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Growth trends in children are often based on cross-sectional studies, in which a sample of the population is investigated at one given point in time. Estimating age-related percentiles in such studies involves fitting data distributions, each of which is specific for one age group, and a subsequent smoothing of the pe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sorribas A,March J,Voit EO

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:When investigating health disparities, it can be of interest to explore whether adjustment for socioeconomic factors at the neighborhood level can account for, or even reverse, an unadjusted difference. Recently, we proposed new methods to adjust the effect of an individual-level covariate for confounding by unmeasure...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Brumback BA,Zheng HW,Dailey AB

更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The back-calculation method has been used to estimate the number of HIV infections from AIDS incidence data in a particular population. We present an extension of back calculation that provides estimates of the numbers of HIV infectives in different stages of infection. We model the staging process with a time-depende...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Longini IM Jr,Byers RH,Hessol NA,Tan WY

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results from an analysis of traffic accidents from a study of the police records of four police stations in the Bangkok metropolis are presented. The main emphasis in this study was put on the development of a measure for traffic accident density. The traffic flow was estimated at the various study locations by traine...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ayuthya RS,Böhning D

更新日期：1995-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Random forest is a supervised learning method that combines many classification or regression trees for prediction. Here we describe an extension of the random forest method for building event risk prediction models in survival analysis with competing risks. In case of right-censored data, the event status at the pred...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mogensen UB,Gerds TA

更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Various R(2) statistics have been proposed for logistic regression to quantify the extent to which the binary response can be predicted by a given logistic regression model and covariates. We study the asymptotic properties of three popular variance-based R(2) statistics. We find that two variance-based R(2) statistic...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hu B,Palta M,Shao J

更新日期：2006-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Screening and diagnostic tests are important in disease prevention or control. The predictive values of positive and negative (PPV and NPV) test results are two of four operational characteristics of a screening test. We review an existing method based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology for compa...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wang W,Davis CS,Soong SJ

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Meta analysis is a collection of quantitative methods devoted to combine summary information from related but independent studies. Because research reports usually present only data reductions and summary statistics rather than detailed data, the reviewer must often resort to rather crude methods for constructing summ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Di Pietrantonj C

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Using both simulated and real datasets, we compared two approaches for estimating absolute risk from nested case-control (NCC) data and demonstrated the feasibility of using the NCC design for estimating absolute risk. In contrast to previously published results, we successfully demonstrated not only that data from a ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Salim A,Delcoigne B,Villaflores K,Koh WP,Yuan JM,van Dam RM,Reilly M

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00