Abstract:
:Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a state of relative or absolute androgen excess originating from either the adrenals and/or the ovaries, clinically manifested as the appearance and/or increase in terminal hair growth or the development of symptoms/signs of virilization. In either settings, physicians need to evaluate such patients and exclude the presence of the relatively rare but potentially life-threatening underlying tumorous causes, particularly adrenal androgen-secreting tumors. It has been suggested that the rapidity of onset along with severity of symptom and the degree of androgen excess followed by relevant imaging studies may suffice to identify the source of excessive androgen secretion. However, up to date, there is no consensus regarding specific clinical and hormonal indices and/or imaging modalities required for diagnostic certainty. This is particularly relevant as the aging population is increasing and more cases of postmenopausal women with clinical/biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism may become apparent. Furthermore, the long-term sequels of nontumorous hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women in respect to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still remain unsettled. This review delineates the etiology and pathophysiology of relative and absolute androgen excess in postmenopausal women. Also, it attempts to unravel distinctive clinical features along with specific hormonal cut-off levels and/or appropriate imaging modalities for the facilitation of the differential diagnosis and the identification of potential long-term sequels.
journal_name
Eur J Endocrinoljournal_title
European journal of endocrinologyauthors
Markopoulos MC,Kassi E,Alexandraki KI,Mastorakos G,Kaltsas Gdoi
10.1530/EJE-14-0468subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
R79-91issue
2eissn
0804-4643issn
1479-683Xpii
EJE-14-0468journal_volume
172pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The objective was to compare the changes in prostaglandin synthesis and metabolism occurring within the fetal membranes that are associated with the onset of parturition and to study the effect of steroid hormones on prostaglandin metabolism. A tissue explant study was made of discs of amnion and chorion obtained from...
journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/eje.0.1330527
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alpha SU) is a recognized product of clinically non-functioning, glycoprotein hormone-secreting and somatotroph adenomas but has not been studied systematically in corticotroph tumours. We have performed immunohistochemistry for alpha SU in a consecutive series of four corticotroph ...
journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
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doi:10.1530/eje.0.1330025
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
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doi:10.1530/eje.0.1340386
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Aim:To establish pancreatic alpha-cell mass in lean, non-diabetic humans over the adult lifespan, performed as a follow-up study to beta-cell mass across the adult human lifespan. Methods:We examined human pancreatic autopsy tissue from 66 lean, non-diabetic individuals aged from 30 to 102 years, grouped into deciles:...
journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
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更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male age-related bone loss is caused, at least in part, by hypogonadism that occurs with advancing age. The study of the effects of sex steroids on bone physiology in men has recently highlighted the central role of estrogens on bone pathophysiology. This review focuses on particular aspects of bone physiology and pat...
journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-10-1095
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1530/eje.0.1490129
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0662
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0402
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1530/eje.1.02126
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/eje.0.1370200
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0156
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0059
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify chromosomal gains and losses in sporadic parathyroid adenomas (PAs). METHODS:Fourteen sporadic PAs were studied by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). RESULTS:The fourteen studied PAs showed chromosomal imbalances. All cases except one exhibited two or more abnormalities. Chromosomal gains ...
journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/eje.0.1460209
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0369
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1530/EJE-10-0602
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0017
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/eje.0.1320047
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0399
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1530/eje.0.1370503
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:European journal of endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00