Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent publications have explored the possibility of using fingerprints to confirm drug use, but none has yet dealt with environmental contamination from fingertips. Here we explored the possibility of establishing an environmental cutoff for drug testing from a single fingerprint. METHODS:Fingerprint samples (n = 100) were collected from the hands of 50 nondrug users before and after handwashing to establish separate environmental cutoff values and testing protocols for cocaine, benzoylecgonine, heroin, and 6-monoacetylmorphine. The cutoff was challenged by testing the fingerprints of drug-free volunteers after shaking hands with drug users. Fingerprints from patients who testified to taking cocaine (n = 32) and heroin (n = 24) were also collected and analyzed. RESULTS:A different cutoff value needed to be applied, depending on whether the fingerprints were collected as presented or after handwashing. Applying these cutoffs gave a 0% false-positive rate from the drug-free volunteers. After application of the cutoff, the detection rate (compared to patient testimony) for washed hands of patients was 87.5% for cocaine use and 100% for heroin use. CONCLUSIONS:Fingerprints show enhanced levels of cocaine, heroin, and their respective metabolites in patients who testified to taking the substances, compared with the population of naïve drug users surveyed, and a cutoff (decision level) can be established. The cutoff is robust enough to account for small increases in analyte observed after secondary transfer.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Ismail M,Stevenson D,Costa C,Webb R,de Puit M,Bailey Mdoi
10.1373/clinchem.2017.281469subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
909-917issue
6eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561pii
clinchem.2017.281469journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Abnormal creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme patterns were observed in the serum of a 64-year-old woman with severe heart disease. Agarose electrophoresis revealed the presence of all the usual CK isoenzymes (MM, MB, and BB) plus an extra band between MM and MB. Total serum CK activity was within the normal range. Within 2...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a radioimmunoassay with a gamma-emitting radioligand to measure androstenedione in human serum and in dried blood-spot samples from newborns. Antisera were raised in rabbits against androstenedione linked to bovine serum albumin at positions 3, 6, or 11 on the steroid nucleus. Radioligands were prepared b...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
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doi:
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiac troponins are specific biochemical markers of myocardial injury used in the diagnosis of acute myocardial disease and cardiac risk stratification. To avoid misclassification of patients, troponin assays must demonstrate precision at the low end of the measuring range. We report our evaluation of the ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.057216
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Dutch project "Calibration 2000" aims at harmonization of laboratory results via calibration by development of matrix-based secondary reference materials. We considered the selection, preparation, and characterization of 34 potential reference materials (PRMs). METHODS:Sixteen PRMs were prepared either ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present evidence for the utility of an improved assay for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes 1 and 2 in serum, involving inhibition of the H-subunit of LD by pyruvate at pH 7.1. Results correlate well with the LD-1/total LD ratio as evaluated by immunological assay and, as an index to in...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several factors can limit the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for cancer chemotherapeutic agents, including poorly defined concentration-effect relationships for many antineoplastic agents. This is further complicated by cancer being a highly heterogeneous group of diseases, each of which may have a unique co...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum folate, pteroylglutamic acid standards, and N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate standards extract differently during sample preparation for radiometric assay. B/B0 values for each material were determined before and after an alkaline extraction procedure. Serum folate most closely resembled N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate sta...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fixed-time incubation method for measuring acetylsalicylic acid esterase was improved by using a higher concentration of the substrate, acetylsalicylic acid, and an activator, Ca2+. The enzymatic activity in serum was 25-fold that measured by earlier methods. Inhibition studies showed a pattern similar to that repor...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this rapid, simple enzyme immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum the "sandwich" system is used. The CEA is first extracted from the serum into acetate buffer by heating at 70 degrees C, then incubated in a polyvinyl microtitration plate previously coated with anti-CEA. The bound CEA is then reacted...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are thought to play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. Oxidative reactions are essential for the formation of some AGEs, termed glycoxidation products. Increased concentrations of pentosidine, one of such products, are found in tissue and serum in...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.022848
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The American Diabetes Association task force on standardization of insulin assays in 1996 showed wide variation in assay bias. Newer assays are specific for insulin, with several now available on automated immunoassay analyzers. METHODS:In 2004, we compared 11 commercially available insulin assays by analyz...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.077784
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basic theory of thyroxin-analog-based radioimmunoassays for free thyroxin has been extended to evaluate definitively the effects arising from residual binding of the tracer analog to serum proteins. Using experimentally determined binding constants and computer simulation techniques, we studied the effects of thyr...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and apo A-I were measured from 1985-1996 in a Swedish population sample of 83 112 males and 64 464 females, ages <20 to >80 years, using an automated immunoturbidimetric method calibrated against fresh pools of human serum and commercial calibrators. All values were recal...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2009.133678
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinically relevant interassay precision profiles for thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) were constructed with human serum pools measured over 4-8 weeks by six immunometric assays, in at least two different reagent lots. Functional sensitivities (the concentration at which the interassay CV is < or = 20%) ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity is a sensitive, specific indicator of hepatocellular injury. This paper describes development of an improved automated procedure for measurement of this activity. Triethanolamine-ethylenediaminetetraacetate is used as a buffer, and activity is determined by measurin...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00