Abstract:
:Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously termed acute renal failure, is associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and accelerated chronic kidney disease (CKD). Over the past 2 decades, dramatic rises in the incidences of AKI have been reported, particularly within the United States. The question arises as to whether these changes reflect actual increases in disease incidence, or are potentially explained by the introduction of consensus definitions that rely on small standardized changes in serum creatinine, changes in coding and reimbursement, or increasingly available and more liberal use of dialysis. In this review, we explore the secular trends in AKI incidence in North America and Western Europe and its potential contributors.
journal_name
Kidney Intjournal_title
Kidney internationalauthors
Siew ED,Davenport Adoi
10.1038/ki.2014.293subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
46-61issue
1eissn
0085-2538issn
1523-1755pii
S0085-2538(15)30027-2journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Vitamin D receptor activation has been associated with increased serum creatinine and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rates, raising concerns that its use may be detrimental to kidney function. Here we studied the effect of vitamin D receptor activation on serum creatinine, creatinine generation, and its clear...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2011.207
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In male Wistar rats, renal adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and intracellular pH were measured by 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) and correlated with renal function before, during, and for one hour after a period of 30 to 40 minutes hemorrhagic hypotension. In animals which suff...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1986.192
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mean renal tubular diameters, number of tubules per unit of cross-sectional area, and fraction of the total volume occupied by each medullary structure were determined at various levels of the renal medulla of the rat and rabbit. Statistical estimates of anatomic variables were made using spatial sampling techniqu...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1977.118
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kidney cancer, although relatively rare when compared to other malignancies, occurs not uncommonly in patients with renal disease and is often discovered incidentally during the initial nephrologic work-up, or by the savvy clinician who is familiar with the paraneoplastic signs. While surgical approaches are generally...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000065
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since the cloning of the gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2 (PKD2), approximately 40 different mutations of that gene have been reported to be associated with the disease. The relationship between the PKD2 genotype and phenotype, however, remains unclear. METHODS:Detailed clinical ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00989.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To maintain nitrogen equilibrium when prescribed a low protein diet (LPD), metabolic adaptations occur involving a reduction protein turnover, principally decreased muscle protein degradation. Studies suggest that in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) uncomplicated by metabolic acidosis (MA), these adaptive res...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1991.275
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial evidence implicates impaired renal excretion of sodium as the major culprit in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The key question is: How does the impairment of Na+ excretion lead to increased peripheral vascular resistance and elevation of the blood pressure? Here we describe the evidence that elevated le...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ki.1996.260
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kidney clears numerous solutes from the plasma; however, retention of these solutes causes uremic illness when the kidneys fail. We know remarkably little about which retained solutes are toxic and this limits our ability to improve dialysis therapies. To explore this, we employed untargeted mass spectrometry to i...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2013.154
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aging process in humans and in the rat is associated with an impairment in renal tubular reabsorption of Pi and renal tubular adaptation to a low Pi diet. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether changes in the abundance of type II Na-Pi contransporter (NaPi-2) protein and/or mRNA play a role in...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1996.385
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defective cholesterol metabolism primarily linked to reduced ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease and Alport Syndrome. However, whether the accumulation of free or esterified cholesterol ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.040
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanate is a uremic toxin responsible for the carbamylation of proteins, which has been implicated as playing a key role in accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. El-Gamal et al. report that while cyanate promotes protein carbamylation in vivo, the resulting endothelia...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2014.256
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A newly described glomerulotubular feedback loop may explain the relationship between glomerular damage, epitope spreading, tubulointerstitial nephritis, proteinuria as a progression factor, and the importance of the local milieu in kidney damage. It also opens the horizons for exciting innovative approaches to therap...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ki.2009.489
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of renal Kt/V (r-Kt/V) as an indicator for the need of dialysis initiation has been recommended in the NKF-DOQI guidelines. In analogy to clinical practice in peritoneal dialysis, a fall of r-Kt/V below a threshold of 2.0 per week may indicate inadequate renal toxin elimination. However, there are no...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00957.x
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term outcomes of kidney allografts have shown only marginal improvement over the last three decades, despite the remarkable improvement in acute rejection and one-year graft survival. Novel biomarkers of tubular injury may prevent irreversible damage to the tubulointerstitial compartment and improve allograft sur...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002772
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the expression of EPO, VEGF and VEGF receptor gene under conditions of reduced oxygen supply in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, and compared it with the expression of these genes in hypoxic rat livers in vivo. To this end we exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to hypoxia (10% and 8% O2), carbon m...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1997.60
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to pursue gene therapy has been limited by the availability of an effective and safe system for gene delivery, especially to the kidney. Electroporation is an efficient method to transfer physiologically the gene to the cells without complicated preparation. Given that the systemic delivery of the function...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.0610s1037.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inbred miniature swine treated for 12 days with high-dose cyclosporine A develop tolerance to histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-mismatched renal allografts. When this protocol was modified by adding thymectomy before transplant, all animals developed acute rejection. Thereafter, by day 100, one half d...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00440.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Predicting renal survival in primary focal glomerulosclerosis from the time of presentation. BACKGROUND:To predict the risk of developing chronic renal failure in patients with primary focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) using predictors available at the time of presentation, a retrospective analysis was perform...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ki.4491164
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we have evaluated 50 children (30 girls and 20 boys; mean age, 10.1 years) with a variety of renal diseases in whom renal biopsy specimens showed crescents in greater than or equal to 50% of glomeruli. Initial clinical features included edema in 61%; hypertension in 51%; gross hematuria in 73%; 3 to 4+ ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1985.30
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endotoxin is an important factor in the development of acute renal failure related to infection and in acceleration of chronic nephritis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; the major component of endotoxin) is one of the most potent triggers for renal cells to produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a key ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00051.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ambient glucose concentrations alter type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) expression in renal tissues. The direction of change in AT1R density may depend on the specific cell type and the capacity for that cell type to use glucose as an energy substrate. Given the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) in proximal tubule...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1997.307
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Segmental glomerular necrosis has been described in the biopsy material in a minority of patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy in the oldest studies on this disease, but this marker of active capillaritis has received little attention in the subsequent literature, and its significance and relevance for th...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059002682.x
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments in rodents have demonstrated an important role for selectins in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the relevance of this in larger mammals, as well as the impact on long-term structure and function is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that small molecule selectin ligand inhibition attenuate...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000335
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, 4 new risk scores for the prediction of mortality and cardiovascular events were especially tailored for hemodialysis patients; these scores performed much better than previous scores. Tripepi et al. found that these risk scores were even more predictive for all-cause and cardiovascular death than the measur...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.022
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth failure is a cardinal feature of chronic renal failure in children. Administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) ameliorates this problem but may adversely affect the kidney and hasten the progression to end-stage renal disease. We conducted experiments to examine the impact of rhGH on the severity...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1993.380
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of two models of chronic hypercalcemia on renal acid-base metabolism were studied in rats. In the first series of experiments, rats were rendered hyperparathyroid by the autologous grafting of 20 to 24 parathyroid glands into a single recipient. Hypercalcemia (5.48 +/- 0.03 mEq/liter in high PTH animals, 4...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1982.68
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Besides its procoagulant activity, thrombin has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation and to regulate the fibrinolytic pathway. We report here the effect of purified human alpha thrombin on the synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by cultured human me...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1990.297
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis involves innate and adaptive immune cells in the induction of autoimmunity and in autoimmune effector responses. Most Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) activate immune cells, but FcγRIIB, found in humans and mice on B cells and innate cells, is an inhibitor...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2014.189
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Altered mineral metabolism contributes to bone disease, cardiovascular disease, and other clinical problems in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS:This study describes the recent status, significant predictors, and potential consequences of abnormal mineral metabolism in representative groups of ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00185.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potassium transport in the thick ascending limb is conducted by heterogeneous cells to opposite directions. Effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids on potassium transport of the rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) were examined by in vitro microperfusion technique by measuring net potassium flux (JK), ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1995.122
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00