Competing Effects of Indirect Protection and Clustering on the Power of Cluster-Randomized Controlled Vaccine Trials.

abstract：:The relation between measures of general and central adiposity and individual cardiovascular endpoints remains understudied in older adults. This study investigated the association of measures of body size and composition with incident ischemic stroke or coronary heart disease (1989-2007) in 3,754 community-dwelling U...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kizer JR,Biggs ML,Ix JH,Mukamal KJ,Zieman SJ,de Boer IH,Mozaffarian D,Barzilay JI,Strotmeyer ES,Luchsinger JA,Elkind MS,Longstreth WT Jr,Kuller LH,Siscovick DS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 919 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive serum samples from Kyushu and Okinawa, Japan, were subtyped for the d, y, w, and r specificities. There was a great difference in distribution of subtypes between Kyushu, where over 70% of the samples were adr, and Okinawa, where over 70% were adw. Among 306 ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kashiwagi S,Hayashi J,Nomura H,Ikematsu H,Shingu T,Hayashida K,Yamashita Y,Kaji M

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies suggest that both active and passive smokers have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with women who have never been either actively or passively exposed. Data on lifetime active and passive smoking were collected in 1999-2000 from 468 predominantly premenopausal breast cancer patients diagnosed...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kropp S,Chang-Claude J

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eighty-eight cases with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the endometrium and 177 age-matched neighborhood controls were interviewed to test the hypothesis that exogenous estrogens lead to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Forth-five per cent of the cases and 22% of the controls reported a history of estrogen use wh...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Spengler RF,Clarke EA,Woolever CA,Newman AM,Osborn RW

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an association between stress and dementia. However, less is known about dementia among persons with varied stress responses and sex differences in these associations. We used this population-based cohort study to examine dementia among persons with a range of clinician-diagnosed stress disorders, as well as ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gradus JL,Horváth-Puhó E,Lash TL,Ehrenstein V,Tamang S,Adler NE,Milstein A,Glymour MM,Henderson VW,Sørensen HT

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Personnel assigned to infantry units of the army of the Republic of China (Taiwan) stationed in the Pescadores Islands experienced the highest incidence rate of scrub typhus (4%) and the highest rate of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection (12%) of the units studied during 1976. The ratio of scrub typhus to infection wi...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Olson JG,Bourgeois AL

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by a relentless decline in CD4-positive lymphocytes and the ultimate development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, variables other than the CD4-positive lymphocyte level contribute to the measurement...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Saah AJ,Muñoz A,Kuo V,Fox R,Kaslow RA,Phair JP,Rinaldo CR Jr,Detels R,Polk BF

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors examined the independent and combined associations of physical activity and obesity with incident type 2 diabetes among 675,496 Korean men from the database of the National Health Insurance Corporation. During an average follow-up of 7.5 years (1996-2005), 52,995 men developed type 2 diabetes. Men with ove...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lee DC,Park I,Jun TW,Nam BH,Cho SI,Blair SN,Kim YS

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atherosclerosis and thrombosis may lead to cognitive impairment through cerebral infarcts or white matter hyperintensities. Oxidative stress is now seen as a major contributor to the process of atherogenesis. High intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., linoleic acid, or low intake of antioxidants can increase ox...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kalmijn S,Feskens EJ,Launer LJ,Kromhout D

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare risk factor patterns in association with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The data were collected from The Swedish Medical Birth Register and include all nulliparas aged 34 years or less who gave birth at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden, duri...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ros HS,Cnattingius S,Lipworth L

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Associations of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous chemicals used in stain- and water-resistant products, with adverse birth outcomes may be confounded by pregnancy hemodynamics. We measured plasma concentrations of 4 PFAS in early pregnancy (median length of gestation, 9 weeks) among 1,...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Sagiv SK,Rifas-Shiman SL,Fleisch AF,Webster TF,Calafat AM,Ye X,Gillman MW,Oken E

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women was investigated in a population-based case-control study conducted in Adelaide, Australia during 1982-1984. Cases were identified through the South Australian Central Cancer Registry, and, for each case, one age-matched control was selected...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Rohan TE,Baron JA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several investigators have documented the effect of temperature on mortality, although fewer have studied its impact on morbidity. In addition, little is known about the effectiveness of mitigation strategies such as use of air conditioners (ACs). The authors investigated the association between temperature and hospit...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ostro B,Rauch S,Green R,Malig B,Basu R

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a case-control study of childhood leukemia in relation to exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF), 399 children resident in five Canadian provinces who were diagnosed at ages 0-14 years between 1990 and 1994 (June 1995 in British Columbia and Quebec) were enrolled, along with 399 controls. Ex...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： McBride ML,Gallagher RP,Thériault G,Armstrong BG,Tamaro S,Spinelli JJ,Deadman JE,Fincham S,Robson D,Choi W

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortality assessment in cohorts with high lost to follow-up (LTFU) is challenging in settings with limited civil registration systems. We aimed to assess mortality in a clinical cohort (KIULARCO) of HIV-infected persons in rural Tanzania, accounting for unseen deaths among participants LTFU. We included adults enrolle...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vanobberghen F,Weisser M,Kasuga B,Katende A,Battegay M,Tanner M,Glass TR,Kiularco Study Group OBOT

更新日期：2020-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic studies suggest positive associations between poor oral health and cardiovascular disease. The authors undertook a prospective study among 15,273 Swedish twins (1963-2000) to examine whether genetic factors underlying the 2 diseases could explain previous associations. They estimated hazard ratios and 95...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Mucci LA,Hsieh CC,Williams PL,Arora M,Adami HO,de Faire U,Douglass CW,Pedersen NL

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have suggested an association between fetal growth restriction and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). However, addressing this association is methodologically challenging. We conducted a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy in Cambridge, United Kingdom (2...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Partap U,Sovio U,Smith GC

更新日期：2016-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A prevalence survey of respiratory diseases was conducted in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with the objective of explaining differing patterns of respiratory disease epidemiology in Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites (Anglos). The study population was selected at random from the 1978 R.L. Polk & Co. Directory. This paper foc...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Howard CA,Samet JM,Buechley RW,Schrag SD,Key CR

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human brucellosis in Florida is documented for the 47-year period 1928-1975. Of the 936 cases reported in 1930-1975, more than half (505) occurred in the decade 1940-1949. The incidence declined rapidly to an average rate of five cases per year, although there was an increase in 1974 and 1975. The analysis is mainly c...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bigler WJ,Hoff GL,Hemmert WH,Tomas JA,Janowski HT

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the inverse association between hysterectomy and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was considered well established, investigators in recent studies including women diagnosed after 2000 have observed modest increases in risk. Most studies have been conducted in white women with little representation of African-A...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Peres LC,Alberg AJ,Bandera EV,Barnholtz-Sloan J,Bondy M,Cote ML,Funkhouser E,Moorman PG,Peters ES,Schwartz AG,Terry PD,Abbott SE,Camacho F,Wang F,Schildkraut JM

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that maternal stress during pregnancy may influence pregnancy outcomes. In a nationwide Swedish study including almost 3 million births taking place during 1973-2006, we investigated whether maternal bereavement during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth risk. Through individual record...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： László KD,Svensson T,Li J,Obel C,Vestergaard M,Olsen J,Cnattingius S

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking is irrefutably the strongest risk factor for lung cancer; however, approximately 25% of cases worldwide occur among nonsmokers. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of lung cancer in Shanghai, a region where relatively few women smoke cigarettes, is one of the highest in the world. To help further ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Weiss JM,Lacey JV Jr,Shu XO,Ji BT,Hou L,Yang G,Li H,Rothman N,Blair A,Gao YT,Chow WH,Zheng W

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is accumulating evidence suggesting that children may drive the spread of influenza epidemics. The objective of this study was to quantify the lead time by age using laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A for the 1995/1996-2005/2006 seasons from Canadian communities and laboratory-confirmed hospital admission...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Schanzer D,Vachon J,Pelletier L

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mid-19th century, the German hygienist Max von Pettenkofer viewed cholera as resulting from the interaction between a postulated cholera germ and the characteristics of soils. In order to cause cholera, the cholera germ had to become a cholera miasma, but this transformation required prolonged contact of the ge...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Morabia A

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors studied the association between female and male alcohol intakes at the time of conception and the risk of spontaneous abortion, including early pregnancy loss detected by urinary human chorionic gonadotropin. After a nationwide mailing to about 50,000 members of four trade unions in Denmark in 1992-1994, 4...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Henriksen TB,Hjollund NH,Jensen TK,Bonde JP,Andersson AM,Kolstad H,Ernst E,Giwercman A,Skakkebaek NE,Olsen J

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence that chronic hypoxia precedes death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is mounting. Prolonged exposure to moderate levels of pollutants could be a contributing factor to hypoxia. Levels of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and hydrocarbons (HC) are highest in the winter...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hoppenbrouwers T,Calub M,Arakawa K,Hodgman JE

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration, within its normal range, has recently been proposed as a reliable marker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a central pathogenic role in many metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases, incidences of which have recently increased in South Korea. Since serum G...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lee DH,Ha MH,Kam S,Chun B,Lee J,Song K,Boo Y,Steffen L,Jacobs DR Jr

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and utility of administrative health data in identifying persons with inflammatory bowel disease on a population basis and to determine the incidence and prevalence of this disease in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The data from Manitoba Health (the province's singl...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bernstein CN,Blanchard JF,Rawsthorne P,Wajda A

更新日期：1999-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors report the results of a case-cohort study of 338 lung cancer deaths in 1950-1988 and a random sample (sub-cohort) of 1,138 from among 16,297 men who had worked at least one year between 1950 and 1979 in manual jobs at a large aluminum production plant. In the past, certain workers were exposed to substanti...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Armstrong B,Tremblay C,Baris D,Thériault G

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrate and nitrite are precursors of N-nitroso compounds, which induce tumors of the pancreas in animals. The authors evaluated the relation of dietary nitrate and nitrite to pancreatic cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Nitrate and nitrite intakes were assessed at baseline using a 124-item food frequ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Aschebrook-Kilfoy B,Cross AJ,Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ,Schatzkin A,Hollenbeck AR,Sinha R,Ward MH

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00