Science and public health principles used to reduce road deaths.

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Hospitalization of nursing home residents is a growing, poorly defined problem. The purposes of this study were to define rates, patterns, costs, and outcomes of hospitalizations from nursing homes and to consider implications for reducing this problem as part of health care reform. METHODS:Communitywide nu...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Barker WH,Zimmer JG,Hall WJ,Ruff BC,Freundlich CB,Eggert GM

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of a low-intensity work-site heart disease risk reduction program using a matched pair design with work site as the unit of analysis. METHODS:Twenty-six heterogeneous work sites with between 125 and 750 employees were matched on key organizati...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Glasgow RE,Terborg JR,Hollis JF,Severson HH,Boles SM

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low income families were interviewed to determine factors related to the number of family food servings per week. A multiple regression model indicated that participation in WIC (supplemental food program for women, infants and children), household size, and number of different income sources were associated with more...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Taren DL,Clark W,Chernesky M,Quirk E

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the 18-month incidence of tooth loss in a random sample of 451 dentate noninstitutionalized Iowans aged 65 and older residing in two rural counties. They had a mean of 19.0 teeth at baseline and lost an average of 0.4 teeth during the subsequent 18 months. Twenty-one per cent of the population ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Hunt RJ,Hand JS,Kohout FJ,Beck JD

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS:Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National Vit...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Singh GK,Yu SM

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. METHODS:We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Jung M,Kwon SC,Edens N,Northridge ME,Trinh-Shevrin C,Yi SS

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic treatment regimes are an emerging and important methodological area in health research, particularly in the management of chronic health conditions. This paradigm encompasses the ideological shift in research from the acute care model to the chronic care model. It allows individualization of treatment (type, d...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Chakraborty B

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salt intake of 978 subjects when compared to 1954 data demonstrated a trend toward the decreased use of table salt. When hypertensives in treatment were excluded, persons reporting low salt use had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those reporting high salt use. These findings were the reverse of...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Phillips K,Holm K,Wu AC

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cord serum and maternal milk levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) were examined in relation to maternal serum levels. Maternal serum levels were significantly higher than cord serum levels for both types of compounds. Placental passage was indicated by significant maternal to ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Jacobson JL,Fein GG,Jacobson SW,Schwartz PM,Dowler JK

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Workplace barriers contribute to low rates of breastfeeding. Research shows that supportive state laws correlate with higher rates, yet by 2009, only 23 states had adopted any laws to encourage breastfeeding in the workplace. Federal law provided virtually no protection to working mothers until the 2010 enactment of t...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Murtagh L,Moulton AD

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study explored whether ethnic differences in the impact of advanced maternal age on the risk of Down syndrome might reflect differences in use of prenatal diagnostic technologies. METHODS:Maternal age-specific odds of Down syndrome and amniocentesis use were compared among African Americans, Mexican Am...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Khoshnood B,Pryde P,Wall S,Singh J,Mittendorf R,Lee KS

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This microqualitative case study of a community-based peer education program led by sex workers at a South African mine examined the role of grassroots participation in sexual health promotion. METHODS:The study involved in-depth interviews with 30 members of the target community. The interviews were analyz...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Campbell C,Mzaidume Z

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine relationships between sociodemographic indicators of risk and depression symptoms within the Black and White populations. METHODS:In a national probability sample, differences in sex, age, marital status, religion, social class, employment status, urbanicity, and region were evaluated a...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Jones-Webb RJ,Snowden LR

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined relations between early alcohol use and subsequent alcohol and sexual risk behaviors among urban adolescents. METHODS:A total of 1034 African American and Hispanic youths completed surveys assessing alcohol and sexual behaviors at 7th and 10th grade. After we controlled for early sexual initiati...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Stueve A,O'Donnell LN

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Incidence rates for hip fracture in the United States were estimated using non-federal hospital discharges from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for the years 1974-1979. Age-specific incidence curves for women and for men showed similar patterns of increase in risk with age, with risks approximately doubling eve...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Farmer ME,White LR,Brody JA,Bailey KR

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of the study was to determine whether the obstetrical judgment of viability makes a difference to fetal and neonatal survival of extremely low birthweight infants (500-749 g). METHODS:We assessed the effect of the antenatal judgment of viability in a group of 66 infants born weighing from 500 to...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Reuss ML,Gordon HR

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Public health is usually enacted through public policies, necessitating that the public engage in debates that, ideally, are grounded in solid scientific findings. Mistrust in science, however, has compromised the possibility of deriving sound policy from such debates, partially owing to justified concerns regarding u...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Camargo K Jr,Grant R

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors-never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption-and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. METHODS:We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Hea...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Ford ES,Zhao G,Tsai J,Li C

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The youngest and oldest drivers have the highest crash risk, but the problem lies predominantly in the youngest age groups because elderly drivers have low exposure. The elderly driver problem will increase gradually as their share of the population increases but will remain relatively small. The bulk of the problem w...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Williams AF,Carsten O

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the employment experience of 266 individuals one year after traumatic injury severe enough to require hospitalization. Of those working full-time prior to their injury, 56 per cent were employed full-time at one year; an additional 5 per cent were working part-time. Those sustaining a severe head ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： MacKenzie EJ,Shapiro S,Smith RT,Siegel JH,Moody M,Pitt A

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the psychological effects of paid employment and nonemployment, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in 541 middle-aged women. METHODS:Women were seen for an extensive baseline evaluation and were reevaluated in an identical manner 3 years later. They were divided into four "synthet...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Bromberger JT,Matthews KA

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted a case-control study of lung cancer deaths in the Teamsters Union to compare the risk of different occupations within the teamsters, after controlling for smoking and other confounders. Occupations with no presumed exposure to diesel fumes were used as the nonexposed group. The study population consisted ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Steenland NK,Silverman DT,Hornung RW

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the course of the 20th century, the United States became an urban nation: 80% of Americans now live in metropolitan areas. Supplying basic sanitary services-drinking water, sewers, and garbage removal-to these cities is a gargantuan task, yet most people have little understanding of urban infrastructure systems a...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Knowlton K

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To measure cost-effectiveness of an intervention to increase retrofitting of rollover protective structures (ROPS) on tractors. METHODS:Tractor overturns are the leading cause of farm fatalities. ROPS prevent these deaths. This study updates a 2011 cost-effectiveness assessment of a New York State intervent...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Myers M,Kelsey T,Tinc P,Sorensen J,Jenkins P

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether it would be feasible to replace the standard measure of net worth with simpler measures of wealth in population-based studies examining associations between wealth and health. METHODS:We used data from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances (respondents aged 25-64 years) and the 2004 Healt...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Cubbin C,Pollack C,Flaherty B,Hayward M,Sania A,Vallone D,Braveman P

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cape Town, South Africa experienced an upsurge in the level of political violence from May to July of 1986. To determine the impact of the political violence on health and health services, selected routinely available information was analyzed, a community survey was conducted of 1,540 randomly selected households in h...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Yach D

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Prospectively gathered data were used to reexamine and to strengthen previously described observations about education and the risk of alcohol abuse and dependence. The hypothesis was that individuals who dropped out of high school and those who entered college but failed to get a college degree might be at ...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Crum RM,Helzer JE,Anthony JC

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined whether and how racial prejudice at both the individual and community levels contributes to mortality risk among majority as well as minority group members. METHODS:We used data on racial attitudes from the General Social Survey (1993-2002) prospectively linked to mortality data from the Nationa...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Lee Y,Muennig P,Kawachi I,Hatzenbuehler ML

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From mid-June through early August 1980, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in Red Lodge, Montana affected approximately 780 persons, as estimated from attack rates of 33 per cent and 15 per cent in urban and rural residents, respectively. Giardia lamblia was identified in stool specimens from 51 per cent of 47 p...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Weniger BG,Blaser MJ,Gedrose J,Lippy EC,Juranek DD

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We determined rates of prenatal HIV testing and investigated barriers to testing. METHODS:We surveyed 1362 representative parturient women from 7 hospitals in 4 locations of the United States. RESULTS:Overall, 89.9% of women reported being offered HIV testing and 69.6% reported being tested. Proportions of...

journal_title：American journal of public health

authors： Royce RA,Walter EB,Fernandez MI,Wilson TE,Ickovics JR,Simonds RJ,Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project.

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00