Characterization of a drug-targetable allosteric site regulating vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.

Abstract:

:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate blood and lymph vessel development upon activation of three receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs). The extracellular domain of VEGFRs consists of seven Ig-homology domains, of which D2-3 form the ligand-binding site, while the membrane proximal domains D4-7 are involved in homotypic interactions in ligand-bound receptor dimers. Based on low-resolution structures, we identified allosteric sites in D4-5 and D7 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) accomplishing regulatory functions. Allosteric inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling represents an attractive option for the treatment of neovascular diseases. We showed earlier that DARPin® binders to domains D4 or D7 are potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Here we investigated in detail the allosteric inhibition mechanism of the domain D4 binding inhibitor D4b. The 2.38 Å crystal structure of D4b in complex with VEGFR-2 D4-5, the first high-resolution structure of this VEGFR-2 segment, indicates steric hindrance by D4b as the mechanism of inhibition of receptor activation. At the cellular level, D4b triggered quantitative internalization of VEGFR-2 in the absence of ligand and thus clearance of VEGFR-2 from the surface of endothelial cells. The allosteric VEGFR-2 inhibition was sufficiently strong to efficiently inhibit the growth of human endothelial cells at suboptimal dose in a mouse xenograft model in vivo, underlining the therapeutic potential of the approach.

journal_name

Angiogenesis

journal_title

Angiogenesis

authors

Thieltges KM,Avramovic D,Piscitelli CL,Markovic-Mueller S,Binz HK,Ballmer-Hofer K

doi

10.1007/s10456-018-9606-9

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-08-01 00:00:00

pages

533-543

issue

3

eissn

0969-6970

issn

1573-7209

pii

10.1007/s10456-018-9606-9

journal_volume

21

pub_type

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