Abstract：
:Recent advances in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have allowed us to collect more data on microbiome and metabolome to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on human health at a whole-systems level. Major advances in metagenomics and metabolomics technologies have shown that the gut microbiota contributes to host overall health status to a large extent. As such, the gut microbiota is often likened to a measurable and functional organ consisting of prokaryotic cells, which creates the unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells. In this review, we discuss in detail the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites like choline, bile acids, phenols, and short-chain fatty acids in the host health and etiopathogenesis of various pathological states such as multiple sclerosis, autism, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. By integrating metagenomic and metabolomic information on a systems biology-wide approach, we would be better able to understand this interplay between gut microbiome and host metabolism. Integration of the microbiome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome information will pave the way toward an improved holistic understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism. Through the modeling of metabolic interactions between lifestyle, diet, and microbiota, integrated omics-based understanding of the gut ecosystem is the new avenue, providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal host health.
journal_name
Semin Immunopatholjournal_title
Seminars in immunopathologyauthors
Aw W,Fukuda Sdoi
10.1007/s00281-014-0456-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
5-16issue
1eissn
1863-2297issn
1863-2300journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Stronger adaptive immune responses in females can be observed in different mammals, resulting in better control of infections compared to males. However, this presumably evolutionary difference likely also drives higher incidence of autoimmune diseases observed in humans. Here, we summarize sex differences in the most...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-018-0723-8
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microsporidia is a group of pathogens, which can pose severe risks to the immunocompromised population such as HIV-infected individuals. The expertise to diagnose these pathogens is limited and therefore their prevalence is believed to be much higher than what is currently known. In a mouse model of infections, it has...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0482-8
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiopathic change nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most frequent glomerular disease in children and young adults, is characterized by heavy proteinuria and a relapsing remitting course. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of proteinuria remain unclear, clinical and experimental observations suggest tha...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0415-3
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines and growth factors are key regulators of immune activation, vascular alteration and excessive production of extracellular matrix which are hallmark events in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). They modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In particular, cytokines play a central role in the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0511-7
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Translational research generally refers to a "bench to bedside" approach where basic science discoveries in models move to clinical trials in humans. However, a "bedside to bench to bedside" approach may be more promising with respect to clinical relevance, since it starts with a clinical observation that can serve as...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0584-y
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease with a slowly progressive course. Without treatment, most patients eventually develop fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver and may need liver transplantation in the late stage of disease. PBC primarily affects women (female preponde...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0164-5
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and rem...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver is the central metabolic organ of the organism and is thus constantly exposed to gut-derived dietary and microbial antigens. The liver maintains homoeostatic tolerance to these mostly harmless antigens. However, the liver also functions as a barrier organ to harmful pathogens and is thus permissive to liver ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-017-0659-4
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent disease of immune dysregulation directed to a small subset of proteins. Shared structural and functional features of allergens, such as glycosylation, lipid-binding and protease activity may provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the induction of primary Th2 immune re...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-012-0334-8
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implanted devices are mainly used to improve impaired function or to replace missing anatomic structures. They are made of synthetic material or devitalized biological structures. In contrast to vital transplants, they are not rejected by the body. However, the host reacts against these foreign bodies, a process which...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0275-7
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basophils and mast cells have long been known to play critical roles in allergic disease and in immunity against parasitic infection. Accumulated evidence also supports that basophils and mast cells have important roles in immune regulations, host defense against bacteria and viruses, and autoimmune diseases. However,...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0562-4
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute inflammation, a physiologic response to protect cells from microbial infection and other noxious stimuli, is automatically terminated by endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators to restore homeostatic conditions. However, if timely resolution of inflammation is failed, inflammation persists and c...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0363-y
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD69 is an activation marker on leukocytes. Early studies showed that the CD69+ cells were detected in the lung of patients with asthmatic and eosinophilic pneumonia, suggesting that CD69 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory diseases, rather than simply being an activation marker. Intensiv...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-019-00734-7
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent rise in obesity-related diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its strong association with microbiota, has elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Experimental models have highlighted several mechanisms connecting microbiota to the development of liver dysfunctio...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0404-6
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have identified novel lymphocyte subsets named innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lacking antigen-specific receptors. ILCs are present in a wide variety of epithelial compartments and occupy an intermediate position between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. ILCs are now classified into three groups: gr...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-014-0470-4
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestine is normally colonized by a large and diverse commensal microbiota and is occasionally exposed to a variety of potential pathogens. In recent years, there has been substantial progress made in identifying molecular mechanisms that normally serve to protect the intestine from such enteric bacteria and whic...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-007-0100-5
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most important member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci and one of the most abundant colonizers of human skin. While for a long time regarded as innocuous, it has been identified as the most frequent cause of device-related infections occurring in the hospital setting and is the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0296-2
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IL-9 was initially identified as a T cell growth factor with a potential oncogenic activity. Accordingly, IL-9 drives tumor growth in most hematological cancers. However, the links between IL-9 and cancer progression have been recently revisited following the discovery of TH9 cells. TH9 cells, which have been characte...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0599-4
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:O-fucosylglycans on Notch extracellular domain epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats are critical in modulating Notch signaling by altering the sensitivity of Notch receptors to activation by Notch ligands. Mice lacking Notch O-fucosylglycans display granulo-monocytic myeloproliferation, hematopoietic stem cell dysfun...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-012-0303-2
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes are associated with meta-inflammation. β-Cell failure is a major component of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It is now well established that increased numbers of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines have detrimental effects on islets in these chronic conditi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-019-00745-4
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular pathogens need to develop sophisticated mechanisms to survive and thrive in the hostile environment within host cells. Unicellular, eukaryotic parasites from the Apicomplexa phylum have become masters of manipulating their host cells, exploiting signaling, and metabolic pathways to hijack host gene expre...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-020-00779-z
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses to the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoking. In the last quarter of the century, the analysis of specimens obtained from the lower airways of COPD patients compared with those from a...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0561-5
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by synaptic dysfunction and accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, which are responsible for the progressive loss of memory. The mechanisms involved in neuron dysfunction in AD remain poorly understood. Recent evidence implicates th...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0373-9
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite considerable advances in the research and treatment, the precise relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease remains incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding the immunoinflammatory processes underlying the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of many cardiovascular diseases ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0536-y
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contact system is a plasma protease cascade that is initiated by coagulation factor XII activation on cardiovascular cells. The system starts procoagulant and proinflammatory reactions, via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation or the kallikrein-kinin system, respectively. The biochemistry of the contact system in ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0288-2
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a devastating, immune-mediated, multisystem disorder characterized by microvasculature damage, circulating autoantibodies, and fibroblast activation, leading to massive fibrosis of skin, vessels, muscles, and visceral organs. Scleroderma causes disability and death as the resul...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-008-0125-4
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy, a catabolic process involved in the sequestration and lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents, is crucial for cellular homeostasis. The current literature supports that autophagy plays diverse roles in the development, maintenance, and progression of tumors. While genetic evidence indicates autophagy ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-010-0213-0
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central nervous system (CNS) is tightly sealed from the changeable milieu of blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). While the BBB is considered to be localized at the level of the endothelial cells within CNS microvessels, the BCSFB is established by choroid...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0177-0
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Itch is a unique sensation associated with the scratch reflex. Although the scratch reflex plays a protective role in daily life by removing irritants, chronic itch remains a clinical challenge. Despite urgent clinical need, itch has received relatively little research attention and its mechanisms have remained poorly...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0530-4
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The defining hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is deposition of polymeric IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium accompanied by a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms involved in mesangial polymeric IgA1 deposition and the initiation of inflammatory glomerular injury remain unclear. This lack of a com...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-007-0089-9
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
