Abstract:
:Although the patterns of activity produced by neocortical networks are now better understood, how these states are activated, sustained, and terminated still remains unclear. Negative feedback by the endogenous neuromodulator adenosine may potentially play an important role, as it can be released by activity and there is dense A1 receptor expression in the neocortex. Using electrophysiology, biosensors, and modeling, we have investigated the properties of adenosine signaling during physiological and pathological network activity in rat neocortical slices. Both low- and high-rate network activities were reduced by A1 receptor activation and enhanced by block of A1 receptors, consistent with activity-dependent adenosine release. Since the A1 receptors were neither saturated nor completely unoccupied during either low- or high-rate activity, adenosine signaling provides a negative-feedback mechanism with a wide dynamic range. Modeling and biosensor experiments show that during high-rate activity increases in extracellular adenosine concentration are highly localized and are uncorrelated over short distances that are certainly<500 μm. Modeling also predicts that the slow rise of the purine waveform cannot be from diffusion from distal release sites but more likely results from uptake and metabolism. The inability to directly measure adenosine release during low-rate activity, although it is present, is probably a consequence of small localized increases in adenosine concentration that are rapidly diminished by diffusion and active removal mechanisms. Saturation of such removal mechanisms when higher concentrations of adenosine are released results in the accumulation of inosine, explaining the strong purine signal during high-rate activity.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Wall MJ,Richardson MJdoi
10.1152/jn.00620.2014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
871-82issue
3eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00620.2014journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We investigated the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in saccade target selection in rhesus monkeys who were trained to perform a direction-discrimination task. In this task, the monkey discriminated between opposed directions of visual motion and indicated its judgment by making a saccadic eye movement to one of t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2527
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory inputs from muscle, cutaneous, and joint afferents project to the spinal cord, where they are able to affect ongoing locomotor activity. Activation of sensory input can initiate or prolong bouts of locomotor activity depending on the identity of the sensory afferent activated and the timing of the activation w...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00866.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the basic mechanisms underlying intersegmental coordination in lamprey locomotion, by the use of a combined mathematical and biological approach. 2. Mathematically, the lamprey central pattern generator (CPG) is described as a chain of coupled nonlinear oscillat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.64.3.862
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vestibular organs in the base of the skull provide important information about head orientation and motion in space. Previous studies have suggested that both angular velocity information from the semicircular canals and information about head orientation and translation from the otolith organs are centrally proce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00143.2010
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surface electromyograms (EMG) and force were recorded during repeated involuntary spasms of paralyzed triceps surae muscles of four men with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. The firing rates of 78 medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units also were recorded intramuscularly with tungsten microelectrodes. Spasms typical...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2847
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Odor responses of neocortical neurons in rabbits under light pentobarbital anesthesia were studied in a restricted area in the lateral half of the prefrontal cortex close to the frontal pole. A preevent cumulative sum chart provided a visual display of the change in unit discharge rate following each odor stimulation,...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.4.638
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The underlying neurophysiology of postural control of the lower back in humans is poorly understood. We have characterized motor unit (MU) discharge activity in the deep lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle in nine healthy subjects (20-40 yr, 3 females). Bilateral fine wire electrodes were implanted at L4 spinal level using ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00010.2014
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male zebra finches produce a song consisting of a canonical sequence of syllables, learned from a tutor and repeated throughout its adult life. Much of the neural circuitry responsible for this behavior is located in the cortical premotor region HVC (acronym is name). In a recent study from our laboratory, we found th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00917.2016
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. During alertness, lemniscal thalamocortical neurons in the ventral medial geniculate body (MGBv) encode sound signals by firing action potentials in a tonic mode. When they are in a burst firing mode, characteristic of thalamic neurons during some sleep states, the same stimuli may have an alerting function, leadin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3597
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were used to investigate the contribution of transient, low-threshold calcium currents (I(T)) to firing properties of hamster spinal dorsal horn neurons. I(T) was widely, though not uniformly, expressed by cells in Rexed's laminae I-IV and correlated with the pattern of action potenti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01083.2010
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is shown that the primate primary taste cortex represents not only taste but also information about many nontaste properties of oral stimuli. Of 1,122 macaque anterior insular/frontal opercular neurons recorded, 62 (5.5%) responded to oral stimuli. Of the orally responsive neurons, some (53%) represented the viscos...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00321.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship among neonatal seizures, abnormalities of the electroencephalogram (EEG), brain injury, and long-term neurological outcome (e.g., epilepsy) remains controversial. The effects of hypoxia alone (Ha) and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) were studied in neonatal rats at postnatal day 7; both models generate EEG seiz...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00796.2014
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phase-response curve (PRC), relating the phase shift of an oscillator to external perturbation, is an important tool to study neurons and their population behavior. It can be experimentally estimated by measuring the phase changes caused by probe stimuli. These stimuli, usually short pulses or continuous noise, ha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00919.2011
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to examine whether the sustained increases in the excitability of afferent fibers traversing the dorsal columns evoked by their polarization depend on the branching points of these fibers. To this end, the effects of epidural polarization were compared in four spinal regions in deeply anesthet...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00161.2020
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During seizure-like events (SLEs), intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases causing depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and subsequent intramitochondrial accumulation of Ca2+. Mitochondrial depolarization results in an interruption of oxidative phosphorylation and increase in reactive oxygen speci...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.1.399
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Taste buds in catfish are found not only within the oropharyngeal cavity, as in mammals, but are also located along the external body surface of the animal from the barbels and lips to the caudal fin. Because these taste buds are innervated by the facial (cranial VII) nerve, the extraoral taste system of catfish is...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.247
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitral cell primary dendrite plays an important role in transmitting distal olfactory nerve input from olfactory glomerulus to the soma-axon initial segment. To understand how dendritic active properties are involved in this transmission, we have combined dual soma and dendritic patch recordings with computational...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00057.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During early development neuronal networks express slow oscillating synchronized activity. The activity can be driven by several, not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms. Each mechanism might have distinctive consequences for the phenomenology, formation, or sustainment of the early activity pattern. Here we st...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00889.2010
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Single-unit activity was recorded from 215 neurons in the medial bulbar reticular formation during the masticatory sequence, from intake to deglutition, of 3 kinds of food (cat food pellets, canned fish, and milk) in 8 chronically prepared, unanesthetized, spontaneously respiring cats with their head fixed to a ste...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.4.1333
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primate posterior thalamus has been proposed to contribute to pain sensation, but its precise role is unclear. This is in part because spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons that project to the posterior thalamus have received little attention. In this study, antidromic mapping was used to identify individual STT neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90810.2008
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ionic conductances controlled by type A and type B cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors were studied in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), using intracellular and whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current or voltage clamp configuration during bath applica...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2584
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Over two thirds of caudal medullary raphespinal neurons respond to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve, and it has been suggested that these neurons may participate in the generation of vestibulospinal and vestibulosympathetic reflexes. The objective of the present study was to determine which vestibular...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.938
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic voltage-dependent currents and inhibition modulate the information flow between synaptic and decision areas. Subthreshold and spike currents are sequentially recruited by synaptic potentials in the apical shaft of pyramidal cells, which may also decide cell output. We studied the global role of proximal apic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00686.2004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We study the propagation and dynamics of spindle waves in thalamic slices by developing and analyzing a model of reciprocally coupled populations of excitatory thalamocortical (TC) neurons and inhibitory thalamic reticular (RE) neurons. 2. Each TC neuron has three intrinsic ionic currents: a low-threshold T-type Ca...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.750
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hilar mossy cells represent a unique population of local circuit neurons in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Here we use electrophysiological techniques in acute preparations of hippocampal slices to demonstrate that depolarization of a single hilar mossy cell can produce robust inhibition of local GABAergic afferen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00310.2006
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::How neurons filter and integrate their complex patterns of synaptic inputs is central to their role in neural information processing. Synaptic filtering and integration are shaped by the frequency-dependent neuronal membrane impedance. Using single and dual dendritic recordings in vivo, pharmacology, and computational...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00048.2019
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red and green cones of two turtle species (Pseudemys scripta elegans and Chelydra serpentina) retina have been stained with Golgi procedures and examined by light microscopy of whole-mount tissue and by electron microscopy of serial thin sections. By light microscopy, red and green single cones appear indistinguishabl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.304
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orexin-producing neurons are clearly essential for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep because loss of these cells produces narcolepsy. However, little is understood about how these neurons dynamically interact with other wake- and sleep-regulatory nuclei to control behavioral states. Using survival analysis of wa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01243.2007
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the topography of human cortical activation during an antisaccade task by focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We used a figure-eight shaped coil, with the stimulus intensity set just above the threshold for activation of the hand motor areas but weak enough not to elicit blinks. TMS was deli...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.936
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Preliminary to extending a point process model of lateral superior olive (LSO) unit activity to describe the units' binaural responses, the statistical properties of their discharges to binaural tone bursts were studied. The hypothesis that stimulation of the contralateral ear results in the simple reduction of the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.1.184
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00