Abstract：
:Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgical techniques, initially developed in adult patients, are being utilized with increasing frequency in pediatric patients to treat sinonasal and skull base lesions. This article reviews the current state of endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base to both treat disease and reconstruct the skull base in pediatric patients. Sinonasal and skull base embryology and anatomy are reviewed as a foundation for understanding the disease processes and surgical techniques. Selected skull base pathologies and conditions that involve the pediatric skull base are also reviewed.
journal_name
Otolaryngol Clin North Amjournal_title
Otolaryngologic clinics of North Americaauthors
Rastatter JC,Snyderman CH,Gardner PA,Alden TD,Tyler-Kabara Edoi
10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
79-99issue
1eissn
0030-6665issn
1557-8259pii
S0030-6665(14)00127-3journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This article outlines the historical development of the use of lasers in the tracheobronchial tree, the current indications for the use of carbon dioxide and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers, and the management of complications. The merits of other laser wavelengths are mentioned, including use of the potassiu...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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abstract：:Partially implantable electromagnetic hearing aids have several potential advantages over conventional hearing aids. As conventional hearing aids improve in the quality of sound they deliver, however, the role of implant aids must be redefined. One area where they may provide the most benefit is in patients with moder...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
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