Abstract:
:Fractures are common in children with some requiring surgical reduction and fixation to maintain anatomical alignment. Although various surgical techniques and principles are shared between children and adults, certain unique considerations in children can influence the surgical approach and device selection. In particular, for skeletally immature children, it is of utmost importance to protect certain critical open growth plates because permanent injury can produce severe growth disturbances. The often robust healing response and potential limited patient compliance can also influence the treatment algorithm and decision making. Commonly encountered orthopaedic fixation devices, including screws, intramedullary devices, and plates, are reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism and application in children. Additional miscellaneous devices that are commonly used to treat malalignment and guide bone growth including epiphysiodesis plates, proximal femur osteotomy plates, and spinal magnetic growing rods are also reviewed. The goal of this article is to provide a basic understanding of the principles and mechanisms of different types of pediatric orthopaedic devices and thereby improve the radiologist's diagnostic confidence and allow better anticipation of complications.
journal_name
Semin Musculoskelet Radioljournal_title
Seminars in musculoskeletal radiologyauthors
Allen H,Davis KW,Noonan K,Endo Y,Nguyen JCdoi
10.1055/s-0037-1609013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
12-24issue
1eissn
1089-7860issn
1098-898Xjournal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This article provides an overview of the current use of diagnostic imaging modalities in the evaluation of a heterogeneous group of disorders causing chronic anemias by impaired blood cell production (inherited bone marrow failure syndromes of childhood, aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, β-thalassemia) or...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1278426
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postoperative infections of the knee are uncommon but may occur with joint arthroplasties, fracture fixation, or after arthroscopic procedures. The ultimate diagnosis is made by joint aspiration or tissue sampling. Joint aspiration and tissue sampling can be performed under imaging guidance or intraoperatively. Imagin...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1667119
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibular hemimelia is a congenital deficiency or absence of the fibula. There is a spectrum of disease from mild fibular hypoplasia to fibular aplasia. The ipsilateral tibia may be hypoplastic, bowed or normal. Fibular hemimelia can be an isolated deformity of the lower leg but frequently it is associated with proximal...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1080068
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Body composition entails the measurement of muscle and fat mass in the body and has been shown to impact clinical outcomes in various aspects of human health. As a result, the need is growing for reliable and efficient noninvasive tools to measure body composition. Traditional methods of estimating body composition, a...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400267
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radiological features of osteoarticular tuberculosis are quite variable. The rareness of AIDS-associated tuberculosis and relatively mild course and imaging features may be the common feature of osteoarticular tuberculosis in Japan. Imaging features are generally similar to other low-grade infections, and liberal ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-15662
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accuracy, pitfalls, and limitations of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosing a tear in the nonoperated knee are well known. However, the diagnosis of a recurrent tear can be more difficult in the postoperative meniscus. Resection or meniscal repair results in postoperative changes that can mimic a recurre...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-872337
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a crucial structure for both maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and acting as a cushion for axial loading of the ulnocarpal joint. Injury to the TFCC can lead to early degeneration of the DRUJ and ulnocarpal joint, with resultant chronic wris...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688715
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has been applied to the assessment of bone for almost two decades. The physical interaction of ultrasound and bone is complex and not completely understood. However, it is considered that QUS provides information on bone mass and structure. Although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-36720
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examination of the brachial plexus with ultrasound is efficient because it allows many parts of the brachial plexus as well as the surrounding soft tissues to be assessed with high spatial resolution. The key to performing good ultrasound of the brachial plexus is being familiar with the anatomy and the common variant...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1645862
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degenerative disease may lead to spinal canal stenosis and long-lasting pain. It is among the leading cause of disability that may affect the ability to work. It has become more common in an increasingly aging population. MRI is the most comprehensive imaging modality and provides detailed morphologic information. A s...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1375566
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of articular cartilage injuries remains a challenge because cartilage has a limited capacity for spontaneous repair. Over the past decade, a number of surgical interventions have been developed to produce a durable repair. This article reviews the available treatment options, including their indications,...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-19044
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Painful skeletal and vertebral conditions caused by degeneration, fractures, infection, and neoplasm are common and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Since the introduction of modern orthopedic surgery these conditions have been treated with a multitude of techniques. Bone augmentation and grafting have em...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2006-939029
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Painful total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represents a diagnostic challenge for the clinician and radiologist, as there is a wide variety of potential etiologies, with a broad range of clinical presentations, and the abnormalities on imaging studies are often subtle, absent, or nonspecific. Imaging findings of normal TKA ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-934216
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound is a nonionizing, low-cost, portable imaging technique for the evaluation of tendons, muscles, joints, soft tissue masses, and cysts, especially in patients unable to tolerate computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. These advantages make ultrasound an ideal modality for guiding musculoskeletal in...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1001883
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dentists and oral and maxillofacial radiologists have used periapical, occlusal, panoramic, and cephalometric radiographs for many years for diagnosing dental anomalies, especially before orthodontic or surgical treatment. Cone beam computed tomography was developed in recent years especially for the dental and maxill...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1709210
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthy cartilage is essential for normal joint function, and osteoarthritis is the end result of cartilage injury. Hip osteoarthritis was once believed to be a disease of old age; however, younger individuals with femoroacetabular impingement have been found to have premature cartilage injury due to potentially treat...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1348092
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the basics of image-guided intervention of musculoskeletal neoplasms. Image-guided procedures are playing an ever-increasing role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of musculoskeletal tumors. The successful handling of these lesions necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, with the radiolo...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1343096
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differential diagnosis for a midfoot or forefoot mass or mass-like abnormality includes several common benign and malignant pathologies. Evaluation with imaging can often provide a diagnosis, or at least several likely etiologies, and guide management. Determining if a mass is cystic or solid with ultrasound or MR...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1581118
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acromioclavicular joint is an important component of the shoulder girdle experiencing significant loading during normal activities of daily living. The joint is frequently subjected to trauma and as a synovial articulation can become involved in rheumatoid arthritis and the seronegative arthropathies. ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1549323
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has been written to stimulate the radiologist to consider the various aspects of spinal steroid injections as therapeutic procedures. Special emphasis is placed on needle guidance, asepsis, and possible problems involved. It constitutes a highly practical and variously illustrated and informative guide for ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1080142
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is a complex area, previously poorly understood by radiologists. Numerous structures make up the PLC, whose evaluation is difficult because of the variable presence of the individual components, their intimate and commonly overlapping insertions, and their oblique course on ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-957175
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::High field magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 T is rapidly gaining clinical acceptance as the preferred platform for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This is spurred in part because advances in the manufacture of magnet technology have brought the cost of 3.0-T magnets into the range of previous 1.5-T machines, as well...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1083103
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synovial membranes line the diarthrodial (movable) joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths of the body. The primary function of this specialized, vascular tissue is to serve as a filter system that lubricates and nourishes the articular structures as well as serving as a shock-absorber. The synovium is affected by a variet...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242186
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a broad spectrum of benign soft tissue tumors in children, including, among others, vascular, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic, and adipocytic lesions as well as pseudotumors. The diagnosis of superficial soft tissue tumors is in many instances made clinically, whereas those with more equivocal presentation and t...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237689
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 2 decades, the definition of pathomechanical concepts that link osseous deformities to chondrolabral damage and expose young and active patients to the risk of early osteoarthritis has led to a tremendous increase in the number of joint-preserving surgeries performed. The rise in arthroscopic procedures ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1678729
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiographic interpretation of pediatric elbow trauma presents a daunting task for both the radiologist and treating orthopaedic surgeon. Proper radiographic diagnosis and appropriate intervention requires a thorough understanding and appreciation of developmental anatomy. As the pediatric elbow matures, it transition...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-984412
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total joint arthroplasty refers to the restoration of joint function and stability through bony and ligamentous reconstruction. It is considered among the most reliable and reproducible surgical procedures in modern medicine and expected to increase drastically in demand over the next 20 years. This article provides a...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396762
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), due to its superior contrast resolution and tomographic nature, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can depict soft tissue and joint involvement better than plain radiography. Active synovitis and pannus are shown by a wide variety of contrast on T1- and T2-weighted images. They are markedly ...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-15674
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fractures and dislocations of the elbow usually occur secondary to indirect trauma. In the adult, fractures of the distal humerus almost always involve the condyles. Fractures of the radial head and neck may be subtle, and the appearance of secondary signs, such as the elevated fat pads from an elbow joint effusion, m...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-13011
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoid osteomas are small painful benign bone tumors that can be effectively treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in most situations. This article briefly reviews the typical imaging findings of osteoid osteomas and the RFA technique used to treat them at our institution. It concludes with several examples of ost...
journal_title:Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1594280
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00