Abstract:
:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of non-ionizing radiation therapy that uses a drug, called a photosensitizer, combined with light to produce singlet oxygen ((1)O2) that can exert anti-cancer activity through apoptotic, necrotic, or autophagic tumor cell death. PDT is increasingly being used to treat thoracic malignancies. For early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PDT is primarily employed as an endobronchial therapy to definitively treat endobronchial or roentgenographically occult tumors. Similarly, patients with multiple primary lung cancers may be definitively treated with PDT. For advanced or metastatic NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), PDT is primarily employed to palliate symptoms from obstructing endobronchial lesions causing airway compromise or hemoptysis. PDT can be used in advanced NSCLC to attempt to increase operability or to reduce the extent of operation intervention required, and selectively to treat pleural dissemination intraoperatively following macroscopically complete surgical resection. Intraoperative PDT can be safely combined with macroscopically complete surgical resection and other treatment modalities for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) to improve local control and prolong survival. This report reviews the mechanism of and rationale for using PDT to treat thoracic malignancies, details prospective and major retrospectives studies of PDT to treat NSCLC, SCLC, and MPM, and describes improvements in and future roles and directions of PDT.
journal_name
Semin Oncoljournal_title
Seminars in oncologyauthors
Simone CB 2nd,Cengel KAdoi
10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
820-30issue
6eissn
0093-7754issn
1532-8708pii
S0093-7754(14)00237-1journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix with radiation therapy as a single modality is inadequate, specifically for stage III and IVA disease. While chemotherapy as single-modality therapy is ineffective in advanced cervical cancer, there is some evidence of efficacy when used in combination with rad...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxaliplatin, which was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, is often administered to patients with altered liver function caused by hepatic metastases. Because of the absence of data on the clearance of oxaliplatin in patients with liver dysfunction,...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00400-7
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is characterized by the rapid development of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and acute renal failure (ARF). Hematologic malignancies are responsible for most cases of ATLS. Control of hyperuricemia and the achievement of a high urine flow are the mainstays of preve...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been a challenge to find effective chemotherapeutic treatments for malignant mesothelioma. Over the last several decades numerous single-drug and combination regimens have been examined, but no standard treatment with chemotherapy alone has emerged. Possible explanations for this lack of success are the heterog...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sonc.2002.30231
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Session IV of the Second International Colloquium on Cardio-Oncology held in Kraków, focused on the cardiovascular risks of using hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer and androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer and continued the theme from Session 3 with a discussion of risk reduction strategies. The d...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.01.006
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapy for metastatic breast cancer can palliate disease and prolong life, but cannot cure. New drugs will be required if this is to change. Cisplatin and its analogue carboplatin offer new approaches to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Cisplatin has significant single-agent, front-line activity in metastat...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigators representing all major melanoma research areas present an overview of the most important challenges for the field. Four major research areas are covered plus the training of new investigators. For each area we first describe the present status, its strengths and weaknesses, and then outline specific reco...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.09.004
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organ function preservation in patients with head and neck cancer can be achieved by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Much of the work on the physics of IMRT has been done for currently available IMRT systems. However, clinical data remain scarce. Before IMRT is accepted as a standard of care, more compre...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.009
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective therapeutic options and exceedingly high mortality rates. Currently, cure can only be achieved through resection, however the vast majority of patients present with advanced disease for which upfront surgery is not an option. In...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.12.002
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting which patients with primary melanoma are at risk of developing metastastic disease is important for making rational therapeutic decisions. Tumor thickness alone is the most commonly used predictor of survival, but other clinical and pathologic variables also play an important role. We have developed two mul...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large meta-analysis showed that chemotherapy results in significant prolongation of survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pemetrexed is a new multitargeted antifolate chemotherapeutic agent that has shown activity in NSCLC and appears to be similar to the third-generation antitumor agents cu...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sonc.2002.37470
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular toxicity is one of the most feared complications of cancer treatment. Recent advances in oncologic therapies have resulted in improved cancer outcomes but also a new set of cardiovascular adverse effects. Common toxicities include left ventricular dysfunction/heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.01.003
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The options available to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistant or refractory to first-line chemotherapy are very limited. The older-generation drugs (etoposide, vindesine, epirubicin, and cisplatin) that are active against previously untreated NSCLC do not achieve a response rate greater ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a significant fraction of patients with NHL, disease develops that is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Experience using high-dose chemotherapy, with or without TBI, and BMT is expanding. Remissions can be achieved in many patients with refractory NHL in particular those patients with tumors that are still ch...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologic studies relevant to the hypothesis that exposure to tamoxifen is associated with risk of cancer of the endometrium and perhaps other organs are described, summarized, and evaluated. One large body of data comes from the randomized trials of tamoxifen as a therapeutic agent against established breast ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The patient with metastatic adeno- or undifferentiated carcinoma who presents with a cryptic primary is subjected to an extensive diagnostic search. These efforts apparently stem from the following assumptions: 1). The ultimately proven primary sites in such patients will occur with the same frequency as the most comm...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the associations of cancer with rheumatic diseases. Recent epidemiologic data linking the autoimmune connective tissue diseases with malignancy will be emphasized. Reports linking the occurrence of malignancy with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 40 years the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has created a vibrant public-private partnership for the implementation of NCI-sponsored cooperative group (Network) clinical trials throughout the United States and Canada. Over these four decades, the cancer clinical trials process has become more complex mo...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.07.011
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis is the major action of gemcitabine. In cells, this drug is converted to its triphosphate (dFdCTP), which is incorporated into DNA and terminates DNA strand elongation. After incorporation of gemcitabine nucleotide into the DNA strand, one more deoxynucleotide is incorporated, and t...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capecitabine is an orally administered fluoropyrimidine carbamate that is preferentially converted to 5-fluorouracil in tumors relative to normal tissue. Three different dosing regimens were investigated in phase I studies: continuous monotherapy, intermittent monotherapy, and intermittent therapy supplemented with le...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90251-9
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platinum compounds have long played a role in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Single-agent cisplatin and carboplatin have shown activity in endometrial cancer, and more recent studies have begun to investigate a variety of new platinum-based combinations. In cervical cancer, chemotherapy is used primarily to tre...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.11.007
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Letrozole has proven efficacious in a variety of therapeutic scenarios, including that of extended adjuvant therapy following 5 years of tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor-positive early breast cancer. The Breast International Group 1-98 trial (BIG 1-98) is the first to study the effica...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.03.026
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in the biology of multiple myeloma cell growth and survival have suggested new avenues for treatment and potential cure of this disease. Adhesion molecules on the myeloma cell surface mediate their localization in the bone marrow via binding to extracellular matrix proteins and stromal cells. Stromal c...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic alterations play a pivotal role in cancer development and progression. Pharmacologic reversion of such alterations is feasible, and second generation "epigenetic drugs" are in development and have been demonstrated to possess significant immunomodulatory properties. This knowledge, together with the availab...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.02.003
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin is recognized as an active chemotherapeutic agent in a broad variety of human tumors. The severe emetic effects of cisplatin, however, result in both acute and delayed emesis syndromes causing considerable morbidity. Over the last decade, the standard of therapy for control of cisplatin-induced emesis has be...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune complications are common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), occurring in up to a quarter of all patients during the course of the illness. By far the most common manifestation is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), followed by immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). It is not true to say that autoimmunity is con...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.01.011
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eighteen percent of incident malignancies in the United States are a second (or subsequent) cancer. Second primary neoplasms (SPNs), particularly solid tumors, are a major cause of mortality and serious morbidity among cancer survivors successfully cured of their first cancer. Multiple etiologies may lead to a cancer ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.09.012
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remarkable strides have been made in the management of infectious complications after bone marrow transplantation. Improved understanding of patterns of infection, the introduction of new antimicrobials, the advent of cytokines to enhance immune recovery, the development of better strategies to control graft-versus-ho...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rituximab (Rituxan; IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, and Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) is a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This chimeric mouse/human, immunoglobulin GI kappa anti-CD20 antibody mediates complement-dependent cell lysis and antibody-depend...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is a highly heritable cancer primarily affecting young white men. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been particularly effective in identifying multiple common variants with strong contribution to TGCT risk. These loci identified through association studies have implicated mu...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.08.004
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00