Abstract:
Background:The nipple-areola complex (NAC) is important aesthetically and functionally for both sexes. Methods for positioning the NAC in males are less well established in the literature compared to females but are just as important. Objectives:This study aims to determine the normal parameters for the male NAC, to review literature, and to present a reliable method for preoperative placement. Methods:Normal male patients, with no prior chest wall conditions, were prospectively recruited to participate. General demographics and chest wall dimensions were recorded-sternal notch to nipple (SNND), internipple (IND), anterior axillary folds distances (AFD), NAC, and chest circumference were measured. Comparisons were made using t test and ANOVA. Results:One hundred and fifty-eight patients were recruited (age range, 18-90 years); mostly (86.7%) with normal or overweight BMI. The IND averaged 249.4 mm, the SNND averaged 204.2 mm, and the AFD averaged 383.8 mm. Areola diameter averaged 26.6 mm and for the nipple, 6.9 mm. The IND:AFD ratio was 0.65. There was no statistical difference in the IND:AFD ratio, SNND, or NAC parameters comparing different ethnic groups. The SNND increased with greater BMI (P ≤ 0.001). Using these data, we suggest ideal NAC dimensions and devised a simple method for positioning of the NAC on the male chest wall. Conclusions:This is the largest study, with the widest range in age and BMI, to date on this topic. Although fewer men than women undergo surgery to the breast, there is a growing awareness for enhancing the appearance of the male chest wall. Level of Evidence 4:
journal_name
Aesthet Surg Jjournal_title
Aesthetic surgery journalauthors
Yue D,Cooper LRL,Kerstein R,Charman SC,Kang NVdoi
10.1093/asj/sjx245subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-13 00:00:00pages
742-748issue
7eissn
1090-820Xissn
1527-330Xpii
4796827journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Anatomical structures of the nose (including muscles) are elevated, sutured, or reshaped during rhinoplasty. Electromyography and electroneurography are the objective electrophysiologic tests performed for the direct measurement of nasal muscle function. OBJECTIVES:The authors investigate the predictive val...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X11398478
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent technical advances in fat grafting and the development of surgical devices such as liposuction cannulae have made fat grafting a relatively safe and effective procedure. However, new guidelines issued by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2009 announced that fat grafting to the breast is not a strongly...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1090820X10373063
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The size and weight of hypertrophied breast can cause both physical and psychological problems. Although the majority of these problems can be solved with breast reduction surgery, the particular problem of development of brassiere strap grooves on the shoulders due to the weight of the breasts cannot be cor...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv007
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most aesthetic rhinosurgeons rely on proper photographic documentation of the nose using several different views. The frontal view is probably the most important, but it is also the most demanding. OBJECTIVES:In the frontal view, delicate, 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic structures require special photographic ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sju081
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:While recent studies have reported modest to no difference in breast aesthetics for shaped and round implant types in breast augmentations, the anatomy and biomechanics in the setting of breast reconstruction is different. Objectives:Accordingly, we endeavored to evaluate whether two implant types impacted ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjx210
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The popularity of genital cosmetic procedures in women is increasing. These procedures are often assumed and promoted as having a positive effect on women's psychological well-being, particularly their self-esteem. Empirical support for these claims is lacking. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to conduc...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa038
更新日期:2020-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Facial aging is a complicated process that includes volume loss and soft tissue descent. This study provides quantitative 3-dimensional (3D) data on the long-term effect of vertical vector deep-plane rhytidectomy on restoring volume to the midface. OBJECTIVE:To determine if primary vertical vector deep-plan...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sju171
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Multiple processing and handling methods of autologous fat yield to variations in graft retention and viability, which results in unpredictable clinical outcomes. Objectives:This study aims to understand the skin effects of fat graft preparations that contain a varying ratio of free-lipid and stem-cell-bear...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjy111
更新日期:2018-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Effective hair removal is now available even for the darkest-skinned patients, including Fitzpatrick skin type VI. With the long-pulse YAG laser, a deeply penetrating wavelength enables energy to reach the hair bulbs, adequate power and pulse duration heat and destroy the hair follicle, and low melanin absorption ensu...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/maj.2003.23
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Labiaplasty has become an increasingly popular procedure. However, the psychological outcomes of this procedure, such as the effects on women’s sex lives and psychological well-being, have received little attention from researchers to date. In addition, the investigation of factors which predict satisfaction...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw190
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surface aesthetics of the attractive nose are created by certain lines, shadows, and highlights, with specific proportions and breakpoints. Our evaluation of the nasal surface aesthetics is achieved using the concept of geometric polygons as aesthetic subunits, both to define the existing deformity and the aesthetic g...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X13478968
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Low satisfaction rates and severe complications are two major limitations for temporal hollowing augmentation using autologous fat grafting. Despite fat compartments in temporal region have been reported, its clinical applied anatomy for fat grafting have not been the subject of studies that show its benefit...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw257
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alloplastic malar augmentation is becoming an increasingly common procedure for enhancement of the midface and an adjunct method of improving the effects of other rejuvenation procedures. OBJECTIVES:The authors present a new surgical approach for placement of malar implants by means of an intranasal incisio...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X11430498
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laser skin resurfacing has become a well-established treatment for rhytids and epidermal and dermal lesions. We report a rare complication of such treatment: exacerbation of plane warts following laser treatment. A 27-year-old woman underwent outpatient laser treatment at another center to correct skin irregularities ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.asj.2006.03.007
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials, retrospective studies, and case studies indicate that botulinum toxin type A is safe and effective for prophylactic and acute treatment of migraine headache. Further studies are needed to scientifically determine the optimum dosage and administration sites, and which patients are most likely to benefi...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/maj.2002.121958
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A for glabellar line (GL) treatment are well established. Currently approved formulations require reconstitution before injection. OBJECTIVES:The authors sought to assess 6-month efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of new ready-to-use abobotulinumtoxinA solution...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/asj/sjz003
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The previously described Akademikliniken (AK) method is a comprehensive approach to breast augmentation with form stable implants that has been shown to afford favorable outcomes when applied by experienced surgeons. Objectives:To evaluate outcomes of a surgeon newly adopting this method at the beginning of...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjx024
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ears increase in all dimensions over the years (eg, length, helix diameter, lobe length), but the most obvious change is the elongation or ptosis of the lobe. Its correction should be considered a part of facial rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES:The authors presented the surgical procedure they have been utilizi...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjz348
更新日期:2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The suspension of orbicularis oculi during lower blepharoplasty presents a logical surgical addition for further support of the lid, as well as further improvement to its contour profile. It has traditionally been performed as an extension of the skin-muscle flap procedure, but more recently, and aggressivel...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw052
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of textured breast implants over smooth implants has been widely shown to have a lower incidence of capsular contracture. However, the impact of micropatterning techniques on the incidence of postoperative patient morbidity has not been comprehensively investigated. OBJECTIVES:The authors sought to ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/asj/sjy178
更新日期:2019-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Volume loss and muscular hyperactivity are two major components of the aging process that contribute to the formation of the folds and wrinkles. Tear trough deformity is one of the most difficult depressions to correct surgically. OBJECTIVE:The authors evaluate the results of periorbital filling with hyalur...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X10395505
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-acting preparation of bupivacaine, liposomal bupivacaine (EXPAREL, Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in October 2011 and has been shown to be safe in breast augmentation. It remains to be established if liposomal bupivacaine provides super...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv149
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures has continued to rise, yet few studies have examined this patient population. OBJECTIVES:This study sought to define the demographics, social characteristics, and motivations of patients seeking minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures. METHODS:A p...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv094
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Full and high cheekbones are considered a desirable component of facial attractiveness. The aging process can result in a loss of facial volume and changes in facial contours. Cheek augmentation can replace lost facial volume, rejuvenate facial appearance, enhance cheek prominence, and improve facial symmetry. A new, ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.asj.2009.03.004
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Muscle activity contributes to the enhancement of facial aging deformity, blepharospasm, cerebral palsy spasticity, trismus, torticollis, and other conditions. Myotomy of the involved muscles in order to reduce the deformity has variable success rates due to muscle healing and regeneration of activity. Obje...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjx207
更新日期:2018-04-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:"Medical tourism" has gained popularity over the past few decades. This is particularly common with patients seeking elective cosmetic surgery in the developing world. However, the risk of severe and unusual infectious complications appears to be higher than for patients undergoing similar procedures in the ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw047
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nasal filler placement is associated with a high risk of blindness. The arterial supply to the upper nose overlaying the nasal bones is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:This study attempts to visualize and analyze the deployment of the ophthalmic and facial angiosomes in the upper nose and help prevent blindne...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjab003
更新日期:2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knowledge of topographic skin thickness is important to plastic surgery of the face as it may guide resection and restoration in oncologic, aesthetic, and reconstructive procedures. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to report the relative thickness of the face throughout 39 distinct subunits. METHODS:...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv079
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Temple hollowing with soft tissue volume loss is well recognized in HIV lipoatrophy. Similar changes occur as part of aging, with skeletalization of the orbital rim and clipping of the eyebrow tail. OBJECTIVES:The authors report their initial experience treating temple volume loss and orbitofacial asymmetry...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X10374099
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the demand for cosmetic surgery continuing to rise, it is necessary to reevaluate the current state of cosmetic surgery training during plastic surgery residency. An evaluation of cosmetic surgery training in US plastic surgery residency programs in 2006 identified several areas for improvement, resulti...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X12467794
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00