Abstract:
:Rats were trained to reach for food pellets, which varied in size from 20 to 300 mg, from one of 21 locations on a shelf located just outside a test cage. After a barrier was lifted, giving access to a food pellet, latency to contact the food was timed, number of reaches to contact the food were counted, the distance of each misplaced reach from the food was measured and the success or failure of each attempt was noted. Control rats walked along the front of the cage sniffing to locate the food. Once they located a food pellet, they inserted their nose between the bars of the cage, sniffed the food for one to three respiratory cycles, raised their snout slightly, and then inserted a forepaw to grasp the food. They seldom required more than three reaches to contact the food and on about half of all trials they were successful in grasping the food. They were more successful in grasping medium-sized food pellets. Performance was unchanged on all measures after vision was occluded with eye patches. Following olfactory bulb removal, however, the rats no longer sniffed to locate the food or sniffed the food prior to initiating a reach. Rather they systematically moved along the length of the cage inserting their snout between the bars at each possible food location and without sniffing reached for the food 'as if blind'. Latency, number of reaches to contact the food and the distance of misplaced reaches increased whereas success rate remained unchanged. Substantial additional impairments were not produced when the bulbectomized rats were given visual occlusion. The study demonstrates that rats locate food and direct reaching using olfaction. The results are discussed in terms of the sensory control of skilled limb use and their relevance to the evolution of the sensory guidance of limb use.
journal_name
Behav Brain Resjournal_title
Behavioural brain researchauthors
Whishaw IQ,Tomie JAdoi
10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80067-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-02-01 00:00:00pages
11-21issue
1eissn
0166-4328issn
1872-7549pii
S0166-4328(89)80067-1journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present study examines how rats process object information in relation to other objects as well as to the global shape of an enclosure. Rats were introduced into either a round or a square arena with various arrays of freestanding portable corners (objects) that differed in spacing, orientation, and number. We fou...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.09.027
更新日期:2008-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Rats with lesions of the medial frontal, ventral frontal or posterior parietal cortex in adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically in adulthood with rats with similar removals at 7 days of age. The neonatal lesions altered cortical morphogenesis, especially in the ventral frontal and parietal groups, ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90005-1
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nav1.1 and Nav1.2 are the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit1 and 2, encoded by the genes of SCN1A and SCN2A. Previous studies have shown that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) could induce neuropathological and cognitive impairment and increased total Nav1.1 and Nav1.2protein levels, yet the detailed mecha...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.026
更新日期:2019-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Non-human primates have become one of the most important model animals for the investigation of brain diseases because they share a wide-range of genetics and social similarities with human beings. Naturally-evoked depression models in macaques may offer a full spectrum of similarity to human depression states, but th...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.044
更新日期:2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the present experiment it was investigated whether and to what extent auditory information processing is possible during the presence of spike-wave discharges in rats. To that end, WAG/Rij rats which are an animal model for absence epilepsy, were provided with cortical electrodes for the registration of the electro...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00031-7
更新日期:2003-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioural, electroencephalographic and neuropathological responses to increasing doses of pilocarpine (100-400 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally to rats were studied. At the dose of 400 mg/kg pilocarpine produced a sequence of behavioural alterations including staring spells, olfactory and gustatory automatisms ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(83)90136-5
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated plus-maze (EPM) experienced rats show reduced open arms exploration in a subsequent EPM exposure, expressing the increased open arms avoidance which is characteristic of anxiety/fear-like behavior. The midbrain dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is an important integrative area of the neuroaxis able to control...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.09.001
更新日期:2010-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Rats with lesions in either the fornix or the thalamic nucleus medialis dorsalis were unimpaired on the acquisition of two object discrimination tasks. The same animals were then tested on a concurrent learning task in which various object discriminations were presented at different rates during the same session. This...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)90028-0
更新日期:1994-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep deprivation (SD) has been reported to induce transient cognitive impairment in functional domains commonly affected in dementia, including memory. Indeed, sleep disturbance has been proposed as an early marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). SD emulates many aging-related modifications, including important memory ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112066
更新日期:2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Visuospatial neglect can occur in peripersonal and extrapersonal space. The dorsal visual pathway is hypothesized to be associated with peripersonal, and the ventral pathway with extrapersonal neglect. We aimed to evaluate neural substrates of peripersonal versus extrapersonal neglect, separately for egoce...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.010
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized that memantine, an anti-dementia drug, may be useful for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness. The effect of memantine on excessive sleepiness after 6 h sleep deprivation was studied in comparison with that of methylphenidate, and the involvement of the dopaminergic system in the wakefulness-p...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.09.025
更新日期:2010-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Stressful life events and chronic stress are implicated in the development of depressive disorder in humans. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin have been shown to modulate the stress response, and exert antidepressant-like effects in rodents. To further investigate these neuropeptides in depression-like behaviour, NPY a...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.044
更新日期:2011-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The hippocampus plays a vital role in processing contextual memories and reward related learning tasks, such as conditioned place preference (CPP). Among the neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, dopamine is deeply involved in reward-related processes. This study assessed the role of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.061
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the selective opiate kappa-receptor agonist tifluadom on memory were investigated in a passive avoidance task in 3 sets of experiments carried out with DBA/2 (DBA) mice both familiarized and unfamiliarized with the apparatus. In a first set of experiments, tifluadom (1.0 or 2.5, but not 0.5 mg/kg) admin...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90172-x
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal mice received subcutaneous injections of either antibody against murine NGF raised in goat (3 mg, injection volume 50 microliters) or preimmune serum on postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. They were tested on postnatal days 15-16 or 20-21 for learning and 24-h retention of a passive avoidance step-through ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00234-0
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention to stimuli associated with a rewarding outcome may be mediated by the incentive motivational properties that the stimulus acquires during conditioning. Other theories of attention state that the prediction error (the discrepancy between the expected and the actual outcome) during conditioning guides attentio...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.04.009
更新日期:2012-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::During agonistic encounters, the perception of a larger opponent through morphological signaling typically suppresses aggression in the smaller individual, preventing contest intensity escalation. However, non-morphological factors such as central serotonin (5-HT) activity can influence individual aggression, potentia...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.028
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients who have received chemotherapy to treat cancer experience depressive- and anxiety-like symptoms or cognitive impairment. However, despite the evidence for this, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. This study investigated behavioral and biochemical changes upon treatment with doxorubicin a...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.007
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human oculomotor system becomes active long before birth. At about 16 weeks (post-menstrual age) the first slow changes of eye position can be observed with the aid of real time ultrasonography. At 18-20 weeks more rapid eye movements are detectable. There is a gradual decline in the percentage of time spent in ra...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(83)90157-2
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), caused by an insult to the head, results in a cascade of molecular imbalance that includes altered glucose metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increases in reactive oxygen species. Although glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, it becomes an inefficient substrat...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112225
更新日期:2019-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Central administration of angiotensin IV (Ang IV) analogues attenuates scopolamine-induced amnesia. Ang IV mediates its effects by binding to a high affinity, binding site, AT(4) receptor, that has recently been identified as insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.02.012
更新日期:2004-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence points to a genetic contribution to explain inter-individual vulnerability to sleep deprivation. A functional polymorphism in the BDNF gene, which causes a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) amino acid substitution at Codon 66, has been associated with cognitive impairment, particularly in populati...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.025
更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from acute or chronic hepatic impairments. The clinical features of HE include attention as well as a mild cognitive deficits associated with impaired attentional and executive networks in patients as well as in animal models of HE. The under...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.046
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Data are reviewed that suggest a common neural system may be involved in the rewarding properties of psychomotor stimulant and opiate drugs. This neural system corresponds to elements in the ventral tegmental dopamine system with cell bodies in the ventral tegmentum and axon terminals in the nucleus accumbens. Several...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(86)90032-x
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::P11 cells were used as an in vitro model system to explore effects of exposure to 5-HT on levels of mRNA encoding 5-HT2A receptors. Exposure of cells to the agonist 5-HT resulted in a doubling of receptor mRNA levels. mRNA levels returned to control levels within 8-16 h. The stability of receptor mRNA transcripts was ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-4328(96)00094-0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, regulate brain development by promoting cell genesis, pruning synapses, and removing dying, newly-born or progenitor cells. However, the role of microglia in the early life programming of behavior under normal conditions is not well characterized. We us...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.006
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pit vipers use infrared-sensitive pit organs to accurately target homeothermic prey even in the absence of visual cues. It has been suggested that other vipers, including large ambush predators of the genus Bitis, also may use radiant infrared information for predatory targeting. We compared behavioral responses of pi...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.01.020
更新日期:2004-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::In drug dependence studies, rats are often tested daily with short breaks (such as weekends) spent untested in their home cages. Research on alcohol models has suggested that breaks from continuous testing can transiently enhance self-administration (termed the "alcohol deprivation effect"). The present study explored...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.057
更新日期:2010-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of feeding behavior on other behaviors (swimming, crawling and shortening) was investigated in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. The stimulus locations and intensities required to produce mechanically elicited behaviors were first determined in the non-feeding leech. Stimuli were delivered while the leech was ...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00072-7
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response is a valuable paradigm for sensorimotor gating processes. Previous research showed that acute administration of St. John's wort extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) to rats caused significant disruption of PPI while elevating monoamines levels in some brain areas. The cause-...
journal_title:Behavioural brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.015
更新日期:2009-05-16 00:00:00