Abstract:
:Natural cellular microenvironment consists of spatiotemporal gradients of multiple physical (e.g. extracellular matrix stiffness, porosity and stress/strain) and chemical cues (e.g. morphogens), which play important roles in regulating cell behaviors including spreading, proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis, especially for pathological processes such as tumor formation and progression. Therefore, it is essential to engineer cellular gradient microenvironment incorporating various gradients for the fabrication of normal and pathological tissue models in vitro. In this article, we firstly review the development of engineering cellular physical and chemical gradients with cytocompatible hydrogels in both two-dimension and three-dimension formats. We then present current advances in the application of engineered gradient microenvironments for the fabrication of disease models in vitro. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives for engineering cellular gradients are given.
journal_name
Crit Rev Biotechnoljournal_title
Critical reviews in biotechnologyauthors
Wang L,Li Y,Huang G,Zhang X,Pingguan-Murphy B,Gao B,Lu TJ,Xu Fdoi
10.3109/07388551.2014.993588subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
553-65issue
3eissn
0738-8551issn
1549-7801journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Lactic acid, an anaerobic product of glycolysis, can be theoretically produced by synthetic route; however, it is commercially produced by homo-fermentative batch mode of operations. Factors affecting its production and strategies improving it are considered while devising an optimized protocol. Although a hetero-ferm...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2014.973367
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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doi:10.3109/07388551.2011.593503
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2012.717217
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2011.630647
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1498443
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388550500248571
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2015.1114465
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The beneficial effects of endophytes on plant growth are important for agricultural ecosystems because they reduce the need for fertilizers and decrease soil and water pollution while compensating for environmental perturbations. Endophytic fungi are a novel source of bioactive secondary metabolites; moreover, recentl...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Alginate has been widely used in various applications since its first extraction. What makes this biopolymer useful is its high biocompatibility and humid gelation conditions. Both of these features bring it into prominence as an ideal immobilization material. However, there are some complicated aspects of cell immobi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
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