Abstract:
:Variations in pattern and extent of cognitive and motor impairment occur in alcoholism (ALC). Causes of such heterogeneity are elusive and inconsistently accounted for by demographic or alcohol consumption differences. We examined neurological and nutritional factors as possible contributors to heterogeneity in impairment. Participants with ALC (n = 96) and a normal comparison group (n = 41) were examined on six cognitive and motor domains. Signs of historically determined subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy were detected using the Caine et al. criteria, which were based on postmortem examination and chart review of antemortem data of alcoholic cases with postmortem evidence for Wernicke's encephalopathy. Herein, four Caine criteria provided quantification of dietary deficiency, cerebellar dysfunction, low general cognitive functioning and oculomotor abnormalities in 86 of the 96 ALC participants. Subgroups based on Caine criteria yielded a graded effect, where those meeting more criteria exhibited greater impairment than those meeting no to fewer criteria. These results could not be accounted for by history of drug dependence. Multiple regression indicated that compromised performance on ataxia, indicative of cerebellar dysfunction, predicted non-mnemonic and upper motor deficits, whereas low whole blood thiamine level, consistent with limbic circuit dysfunction, predicted mnemonic deficits. This double dissociation indicates biological markers that contribute to heterogeneity in expression of functional impairment in ALC. That non-mnemonic and mnemonic deficits are subserved by the dissociable neural systems of frontocerebellar and limbic circuitry, both commonly disrupted in ALC, suggests neural mechanisms that can differentially affect selective functions, thereby contributing to heterogeneity in pattern and extent of dysfunction in ALC.
journal_name
Addict Bioljournal_title
Addiction biologyauthors
Fama R,Le Berre AP,Hardcastle C,Sassoon SA,Pfefferbaum A,Sullivan EV,Zahr NMdoi
10.1111/adb.12584subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
290-302issue
2eissn
1355-6215issn
1369-1600journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Inhibitory optogenetics was used to examine the roles of the prelimbic cortex (PL), the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) and the PL projections to the NAcore in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Rats were microinjected into the PL or NAcore with an adeno-associated virus containing halorhodopsin or archaerhodopsin....
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00479.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technique of domiciliary rapid opiate detoxification (ROD) developed in Asturias since 1994 enables patients dependent on heroin and/or methadone (or other opiates) to start antagonist maintenance with a full dose of naltrexone (50 mg) and largely recover from the acute opiate withdrawal syndrome in a few hours at...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/135562102200120479
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moderately sized, case-control studies have related alcohol dependence in middle-aged in-patients to lower second-to-fourth finger length ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal hyperandrogenization. As primary aim, we here intended to confirm that lower 2D:4D is also associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of M...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12815
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13556219772633
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The supply of substitute opioid medication as a treatment for heroin dependence is now common practice. There is growing international interest in the prescription of injectable diamorphine for subgroups of patients who are unable to stop injecting opiate drugs; in the United Kingdom it is estimated that there are cur...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13556210120056553
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroadaptations that participate in the ontogeny of alcohol dependence are likely a result of altered gene expression in various brain regions. The present study investigated brain region-specific changes in the pattern and magnitude of gene expression immediately following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00357.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and funct...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12486
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular glycine modulates accumbal dopamine levels as well as ethanol-induced dopamine overflow. Glycine availability is also crucial for regulating alcohol consumption and the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT-1) inhibitor Org25935 robustly decreases alcohol intake in rats. To explore whether the alcohol-intake reduc...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00367.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abuse of Δ⁹-THC by females during adolescence may produce long-term deficits in complex behavioral processes such as learning, and these deficits may be affected by the presence of ovarian hormones. To assess this possibility, 40 injections of saline or 5.6 mg/kg of Δ⁹-THC were administered i.p. daily during adolescen...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00227.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::α-Synuclein has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol abuse due to its role in dopaminergic neurotransmission. In these studies, genetic variability in the α-synuclein gene influences its expression which may contribute to susceptibility to chronic alcohol abuse. Real-time PCR was used to quantify...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00495.x
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies in animal models have shown that the nociceptin system, comprising nociceptin (or OFQ/N, encoded by PNOC) and the nociceptin receptor (an opioid receptor-like protein encoded by OPRL1), may be involved in alcohol and other drug reward pathways. To determine whether the nociceptin system is associated wi...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00082.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking-related cues elicit craving and mesocorticolimbic brain activation in smokers. Severity of nicotine dependence seems to moderate cue reactivity, but the direction and mechanisms of its influence remains unclear. Although tobacco control policies demand a ban on tobacco advertising, cue reactivity studies in sm...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00207.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity represents an important risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. The current obesogenic environment with easy access to calorie-dense foods is fueling this obesity epidemic. However, how these foods contribute to the progression of feeding behavior changes that lead to overeating is not well u...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12595
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a promising new biological state marker of recent alcohol consumption that detects alcohol use reliably over a definite time period. Other currently available markers lack acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Our aim is to elucidate under naturalistic conditions the time course of EtG exc...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1355621021000006035
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The class I hepatic alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are primarily responsible for ethanol metabolism in humans. Genetic polymorphism at the ADH2 locus results in the inheritance of isozymes of strikingly different catalytic properties. In European and Caucasian American populations, β1, which is encoded by ADH2(1) , is ...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13556219872218
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to drug-associated cues evokes drug-seeking behavior and is regarded as a major cause of relapse. Conditional stimulus upregulates noradrenaline (NA) system activity, but the drug-seeking behavior depends particularly on phasic dopamine signaling downstream from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The VTA dopam...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12514
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propensity to drink alcohol and to initiate binge drinking behavior is driven by genetic factors. Recently, we proposed an original animal model useful in the study of voluntary binge-like drinking (BD) in outbred Long-Evans rats by combining intermittent access to 20% ethanol in a two-bottle choice (IA2BC) paradigm t...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12992
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::The administration of cannabidiol has shown promising evidence in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders, including cocaine addiction. However, little information is available as to the mechanisms by which cannabidiol reduces drug use and compulsive seeking. We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neur...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12778
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent preclinical evidence indicates that the neuropeptide oxytocin may have potential in the treatment of drug dependence and drug withdrawal. Oxytocin reduces methamphetamine self-administration, conditioned place preference and hyperactivity in rodents. However, it is unclear how oxytocin acts in the brain to prod...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00247.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying addicts with higher risk of relapse would provide the opportunity to implement individualized interventions and increase cessation success rates. Unfortunately, the ability to predict the long-term success of drug cessation treatments continues to elude researchers. We tested whether brain responses to emo...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00372.x
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research in rodents suggests that the long-term neurobehavioral disturbances induced by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure could be due to endocannabinoid system (ECS) alterations. Moreover, ECS failure has been proposed to mediate the cognitive impairment and β-amyloid production in Alzheimer disease (AD). Thus...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12883
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12110
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the knowledge that alcohol misuse causes a multitude of diseases and increased mortality, this systematic review examines whether a reduction of the individual alcohol consumption can contribute to a minimization of health risks within a harm reduction approach. In fact, the reviewed 63 studies indicate that ...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/adb.12414
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity of the liver to synthesize insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) may be compromised by alcohol. The characteristics of IGFBP-3 variants obtained from healthy individuals and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC) were compared. Concanavalin A (Con A) affinity electrophore...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1355621031000069927
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a direct ethanol metabolite, is detectable in blood for more than 2 weeks after sustained ethanol intake. Our aim was to assess the usefulness of PEth [comparing sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC)] as compared with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glu...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00040.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the effects of chronic ethanol intake on hepatic haemodynamics and reticuloendothelial system function in the rat. Comparisons were also made with blood flow to pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and skin. Male Wistar rats, approximately 0.15 kg initial body weight, were fed a diet containing 35% o...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13556219772507
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Withdrawal of opioid drugs leads to a cluster of unpleasant symptoms in dependent subjects. These symptoms are stimulatory in nature and oppose the acute, inhibitory effects of opiates. The conventional theory that explains the opioid withdrawal syndrome assumes that chronic usage of opioid drugs activates compensator...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00164.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although substantial research effort has focused on developing pharmacological treatments for cocaine abuse, no effective medications have been developed. Recent studies show that enzymes that metabolize cocaine in the periphery, forestalling its entry into the brain, can prevent cocaine toxicity and its behavioral ef...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00424.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced executive control is one of the central components of model on the development and maintenance of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Among the various executive control problems, high impulsivity has consistently been associated with IGD. We performed voxel-based morphometric analysis with diffeomorphic anatomica...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/adb.12552
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review article discusses the importance of identifying gene-environment interactions for understanding the etiology and course of alcohol use disorders and related conditions. A number of critical challenges are discussed, including the fact that there is no organizing typology for classifying different types of ...
journal_title:Addiction biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00189.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00