Abstract：
:The development of fractional photothermolysis has revolutionized the treatment of skin scarring, rejuvenation, and tightening. By creating targeted microthermal zones and leaving surrounding tissue intact, this concept has provided the field with efficacious results, with less downtime and a better safety profile. This has started to change the paradigm of what is considered first-line treatment for scarring and rejuvenation. While originally applied to nonablative lasers, fractionation has now been employed in ablative, quality-switched, picosecond, and novel hybrid fractional lasers. Furthermore, other energy-based technologies, such as radiofrequency, have adopted the concept of fractionation in an attempt to optimize the balance of efficacy, downtime, and side effects. Herein, we describe how the ever-expanding repertoire of fractional devices is applied to the treatment of scarring, skin rejuvenation, and tightening. In addition, newer applications, such as transdermal drug delivery, are being developed by using fractional devices. Growing experience with these devices has broadened their relevance to more skin types and body sites than ever. Ultimately, the knowledge of appropriate treatment parameters is paramount and allows for the safe and effective treatment of a variety of patients with numerous devices.
journal_name
Semin Cutan Med Surgjournal_title
Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgeryauthors
Connolly D,Schilling L,Saedi Ndoi
10.12788/j.sder.2017.039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-01 00:00:00pages
138-147issue
4eissn
1085-5629issn
1558-0768journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cellulite is a common dermatologic condition and frequent cause of cosmetic concern among women. This paper aims to update what is known about the pathogenesis of cellulite and reviews targeted treatment modalities that address its underlying components of microvascular dysfunction, endocrine-mediated inflammation, an...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2018.056
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dermoscopy increases the clinician's diagnostic accuracy by as much as 30% over that of unaided visual clinical inspection alone and has been confirmed in 3 separate evidence-based publications using a meta-analysis of the literature. It can be viewed as an in vivo bridge between clinical morphology and histopathology...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2009.07.001
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Closing surgical defects of the external ear poses unique challenges because of the convoluted shape and thin tethered skin. Choice of repair is often dictated by the site of the wound. If the defect is central and anterior with intact cartilage, most defects will do well by second intention healing or grafting. If th...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1085-5629(03)00077-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Venous disease consists of a spectrum with significant medical and economic morbidities. For lack of exposure, however, it is a poorly understood subject. The evaluation and approach to diagnosing venous disease requires a firm understanding of venous anatomy and pathophysiology. With a targeted history and physical,...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2005.10.001
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition affecting children and adults, with a significant negative impact on patient and caregiver quality of life (QOL). Although effective treatments for AD are available, outcomes are often limited by poor adherence to treatment plans. Effective patient and caregiver educa...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2017.029
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses the approach to the acute, generalized, blistering patient from the perspective of the dermatologic consultant. Initially, a case is presented, followed by a discussion of the relevant evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. ...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2007.09.006
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hair shaft abnormalities are fascinating and can provide a diagnostic challenge. Current knowledge of structural changes in hair has been amplified by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Dermatologists using the light microscope and polarization in the office can diagnose the great majority of...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2006.01.004
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are certain disorders of hyper- and hypopigmentation that are more common in children with skin of color. It is imperative that practitioners can swiftly and accurately diagnose these pigmentary disorders to prevent delay in treatment and enhance quality of life. Pigmentary disorders have many etiologies and may...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2016.064
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Topical retinoic acid was introduced for acne treatment three decades ago. Since that time, researchers have discovered thousands of retinoids, originally defined as chemical analogs of vitamin A. After the identification of nuclear retinoid receptors in 1987, the definition of this class expanded to include molecules...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/sder.2001.27555
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of onychomycosis in the United States is estimated to be at least 12%; prevalence increases with increasing age and is highest in individuals more than 65 years of age. Trichophyton rubrum, which also causes tinea pedis, is responsible for approximately 90% of cases of toenail onychomycosis. Risk factor...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.0014
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) have provided insights into associated environmental risk factors, demonstrating the complex interactions between the presence of filaggrin (FLG) gene defects and environment. Among other important findings is that elevated transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in newborn...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2016.041
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to limit the prolonged postoperative healing associated with ablative laser skin resurfacing and in response to growing public interest in less invasive treatment modalities, nonablative laser and light source technology was developed. Over the past few years, several clinical and histologic research stu...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/sder.2002.36766
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the majority of hemangiomas of infancy can be expected to follow a benign course, a significant subset may result in serious complications. Recently, hemangiomas of segmental morphology, or those which are large, plaque-like, and patterned in distribution, have been recognized as important markers for potenti...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2004.01.004
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hair disorders include hair loss, increased hair growth, and hair structure defects with increased breakage, as well as unacceptable cosmetic appearance, such as reduced shine, strength, curliness, and elasticity. It is the task of the dermatologist to choose the right diagnostic tool depending on the suspected clinic...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2008.12.005
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The techniques of noninvasive facial rejuvenation are forever being redefined and improved. This article will review historical as well as present approaches to resurfacing, discussing the nonablative tools that can complement resurfacing procedures. Current thoughts on the pre- and postoperative care of resurfacing p...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thalidomide, originally marketed as a sedative, was introduced in West Germany in 1956 and in numerous other countries soon thereafter. In part because it did not impair coordination or respiratory function, the drug rapidly became extremely popular. By 1961, however, there were mounting reports of phocomelia and othe...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1085-5629(98)80019-9
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the newer medications for treating psoriasis are the interleukin-17A inhibitor secukinumab and the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast. Secukinumab offers a level of efficacy greater than that of the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor adalimumab. Apremilast is associated with lower levels of efficacy than th...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2016.020
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effective antimicrobials are critical in controlling one of the most common conditions encountered in medicine, namely, skin and skin structure infections. Unfortunately, the identification of appropriate and novel antimicrobials is continually challenged by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria, fu...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2006.04.006
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melanoma is a particularly aggressive type of skin cancer, and its incidence has been increasing steadily since the 1970s. This article will review the extensive epidemiologic data demonstrating that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, from the sun or artificial tanning beds, is the most important environmental risk...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma has become a primary treatment in the clinic. Current therapies include systemic cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and localized intratumoral therapies. Checkpoint inhibitors block natural pathways that dampen or inhibit an immune response to stimulus. These ...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2018.028
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas are among the most frequent malignancies in the white population, with the annual incidence estimates ranging from 1 million to 3.5 million cases in the United States. These tumors can occur either sporadically or in the context of hereditary genodermatoses with cancer pred...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2012.08.005
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, and future treatment options will likely be incorporated in a multimodal approach to management. The new, directed therapies that have been developed will likely be used in conjunction with concomitant continuous or intermittent use of standard therapies; the g...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12788/j.sder.2016.044
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin cancers are the most common form of malignancy. Early diagnosis and treatment provides the best chance for survival and reduced morbidity. However, some patients have recurrent or resistant lesions. In patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), prognosis is relatively good for all four types of lesions (superficia...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2011.11.003
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ascomycin macrolactam derivative pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel Switzerland) is a cell-selective inhibitor of inflammatory cytokines specifically developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermati...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/sder.2001.29066
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stromal relationships are crucial to metastatic spread of solid malignancies. Some aspects of this stroma interaction are obviously associated with particular morphological features, which may carry prognostic significance. In cutaneous melanoma, level of invasion, arrangement of cells (horizontal or vertical growth p...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1085-5629(96)80046-0
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The history of resurfacing procedures used to treat the aging face is reviewed, and the place of laser resurfacing within this context is described. The changing medical reimbursement system and desire by "baby boomers" to maintain a youthful image have driven the technical development of laser resurfacing. Medical ma...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1085-5629(96)80052-6
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive, and often fatal cutaneous malignancy that is not usually suspected at the time of biopsy. Because of its increasing incidence and the discovery of a possible viral association, interest in MCC has escalated. Recent effort has broadened our breadth of knowledge regardi...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sder.2011.02.001
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expansion of telemedicine nationwide has resulted in many states adopting specific telemedicine regulations to avoid the issue of requiring a full medical license to practice telemedicine. How these laws and regulations relate to the practice of telepathology and teledermatology has not been well delineated. It is...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.0037
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is a very exciting time in cutaneous laser surgery with an ever-expanding therapeutic armamentarium and an increased sophistication of available technology. These recent trends have allowed for both a rapid development of interest and exploration of laser-assisted drug delivery and its potential applications. We ...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12788/j.sder.0119
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriasis is now recognized as an immunologically mediated systemic disease that may be expressed in cutaneous and joint symptoms. Medications that were once thought to control psoriasis by reducing keratinocyte proliferation are now known to act on immunologic pathways. In recent years, the emerging understanding of ...
journal_title：Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12788/j.sder.0067
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
