Abstract：
:While empirical evidence suggests that elite athletes have superior lifespan outcomes relative to the general population, less is known regarding their causes of death. The purpose of this study was to critically examine the mortality outcomes of deceased National Basketball Association and American Basketball Association players. Death data were collected from publicly available sources until 11 December 2015, and causes of death were categorized using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD). Mortality was measured through: i) cause-specific crude death rates (CDR), ii) estimates of death rates per athlete-year (AY), and iii) binary and multinomial regression analyses. We identified 514 causes of death from 787 deceased players (M = 68.1 y ± 16.0) from 16 different ICD groups, 432 of which were from natural causes. Findings showed similar leading causes of death and CDRs to sex- and race-matched controls, higher death rate differences per AY within time-dependent variables (i.e., birth decade, race, and height), and a higher likelihood of dying below the median age of death for black and taller players, although this was highly confounded by birth decade. More complete knowledge of mortality outcomes would provide broad public health applications and disarm harmful stereotypes of elite athlete health.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Lemez S,Wattie N,Lawler T,Baker Jdoi
10.1080/02640414.2017.1409607subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
1648-1655issue
14eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xjournal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international 'grand-slam' tennis and 'major' golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tourna...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404197367227
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oudejans, Bakker, and Beek (2007) recognize several relevant aspects of offside judgements in association football in the paper by Helsen, Gilis, and Weston (2006). We agree that the existing knowledge base on offside assessment needs to be expanded for two reasons. First, from a theoretical point of view it is import...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410601150488
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task and ego goal orientation and moral identity on prosocial and antisocial judgement and behaviour in football. The interaction between task and ego orientation in predicting these variables was also examined. Participants were 210 adult male footballers (age 2...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410500244531
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to compare ankle and knee joint moments observed when playing on sport surfaces that slide slightly relative to the ground with the moments observed when playing on conventional sport surfaces. Three-dimensional resultant internal joint moments and kinematic characteristics of the lower extre...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410802669161
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-country skiing is a complex endurance sport requiring technical skills, in addition to considerable physiological and tactical abilities. This review aims to identify biomechanical factors that influence the performance of cross-country skiers. Four electronic databases were searched systematically for original ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1775375
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an increasingly common method of improving muscular strength and hypertrophy, and improving aerobic fitness, in clinical and athletic populations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe common approaches to determining occlusion pressures for BFR e...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1840734
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) may be effective for accumulating VPA. However, the contribution of HIIT to overall physical activity is unknown. Our primary aim was to explore the impact of school-based HIIT on physical activity. The secondary aim was to explore within-individual changes in physical activity ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2017.1356026
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were to examine the changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines induced by training and competition in professional cyclists. We report the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNFR-I and -II...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640410500141158
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of methods to estimate ball spin rate and spin axis direction using multi-camera tracking technology. The method implemented by Hawk-Eye and a theoretical ball trajectory model were assessed for their accuracy against high speed-vision. A theoretical ball trajector...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2019.1697189
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency, duration, and nature of repeated high-intensity exercise in Super 14 rugby union. Time-motion analysis was used during seven competition matches over the 2008 and 2009 Super 14 seasons; five players from each of four positional groups (front row forwards, bac...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2011.582508
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how a...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2015.1072640
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the metabolic state of quadriceps femoris muscles using transverse relaxation time (T2), measured by muscle functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, after inactive or active recovery exercises with different intensities following high-intensity knee-extension ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.855803
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a two-study approach, we examined a methodology for objectively depicting team performance and form in a professional rugby union side. Study 1 developed standardized indicators to examine a team's performance in a single match relative to their previous matches over a domestic season via a performance report an...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410701815170
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study aimed to provide reference values for lower-limb muscle power assessed during the incremental jump squat (JS) test in elite athletes (i.e., professional athletes competing at international level). We pooled data from all JS tests performed by elite athletes of different sports in two high-performance...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1783150
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot be used to evaluate participants taller than the scan area. We aimed to analyse the accuracy of bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass assessed with DXA whole-body scan and from the sum of two scans (head and trunk plus limbs). Participants were 31 athletes (13 male...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2012.734918
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutritio...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1739896
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to investigate the effect of playing styles on the match performance of football teams, data were analysed on 18 technical performance-related variables and 8 physical performance-related variables from 59 matches in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to classify all match obser...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2019.1648120
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to assess fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, physical self-confidence levels, and the relationship between these variables and gender differences among adolescents. Three hundred and ninety five adolescents aged 13.78 years (SD = ±1.2) from 20 schools were involved in this study. The Test of...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1235280
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the maximal exercise performance during cycle ergometry of 34 men and 47 women. External peak power output (OPP) and optimized pedalling rate (ORPM) were calculated from data gathered during an optimization procedure performed on a friction braked cycle ergometer. In addition, ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419108729850
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This series of four papers comprises a theoretical investigation into twisting somersaults. Both simple and complex mathematical models are used to provide an understanding of the mechanics of the production and removal of twist in somersaults. Various twisting techniques are evaluated and a method is developed for th...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419308729985
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study examined Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (YYIR2) and submaximal YYIR1 test performances in 172 male semi-professional football players (age; 25.8 ± 4.1 years) representing all teams in a top league at pre-season, start-season, mid-season and end-season. YYIR2 performance was 847 ± 227 m (±SD) at pre-seas...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.824598
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of time of day on a cycling time trial with and without a prolonged warm-up, among cyclists who tended towards being high in "morningness". Eight male cyclists (mean +/- s: age = 24.9 +/- 3.5 years, peak power output = 319 +/- 34 W, chronotype = 39 +/- 6 units) completed a 16.1-km time trial wi...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410410001729919
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agility is an essential part of many athletic activities. Currently, agility drill duration is the sole criterion used for evaluation of agility performance. The relationship between drill duration and factors such as acceleration, deceleration and change of direction, however, has not been fully explored. This paper ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.990481
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The optimum pre-flight characteristics of the Hecht and handspring somersault vaults were determined using a two-segment simulation model. The model consisted of an arm segment and a body segment connected by a frictionless pin joint, simulating the vault from the Reuther board take-off through to landing. During hors...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404199366028
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, during ski-landing, is caused by excessive knee joint forces and kinematics, like anterior tibial translation, internal tibial rotation, and valgus rotation. It is not well understood how these forces/kinematics are directly related to ski-landing impact. In the present study,...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2011.578146
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the turn of the millennium, a review paper was published in this journal on talent identification and development in soccer (Williams & Reilly, 2000). In the current paper, we assess progress made in this field over the last twenty years relative to the areas for future research highlighted in the original review. ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1766647
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different types of tasks performed with or without an electronic device (tablet) on pre-sleep alertness, subsequent sleep quality and next-day athletic performance. Eight highly trained netball players attended a sleep laboratory for pre-sleep testing, p...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2017.1287936
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In any situation where heat production as a result of physical exercise exceeds heat elimination from the body by radiation and convection, the body will depend on sweat secretion and evaporation for its thermoregulation. Sweat secretion will reach maximal levels at high energy expenditures in the heat but will be lim...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419108729871
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested a hypothetical model that examined both the effects of implicit theories of ability on the judgement of cheating acceptability in a physical education context and the mediating role of the achievement goals defined in the social-cognitive model of achievement motivation. Data were collected from 477 middle-s...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2010.484065
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since junior performances have little predictive value for future success, other solutions are sought to assess a young player's potential. The objectives of this systematic review are (1) to provide an overview of instruments measuring personal talent determinants of young players in racquet sports, and (2) to evalua...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640414.2015.1061201
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
