Abstract：
:Squaric acid dibutylester is a topical sensitizing agent utilized for the treatment of alopecia areata. The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but is believed to redirect the inflammatory response by invoking allergic contact dermatitis. Several studies have compared the efficacy of squaric acid dibutylester to other treatments vs placebo with favorable results. This contribution reviews the history of the topical sensitizing agent squaric acid dibutylester and discusses the mechanism of action, the use in alopecia areata, and the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic agent.
journal_name
Clin Dermatoljournal_title
Clinics in dermatologyauthors
Hill ND,Bunata K,Hebert AAdoi
10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.12.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-05-01 00:00:00pages
300-4issue
3eissn
0738-081Xissn
1879-1131pii
S0738-081X(14)00300-9journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Recently, dermatology group practice ownership structures have changed, as private equity (PE) consolidates independent dermatology practices to create larger groups. Currently, little is known about how dermatology residents perceive practice ownership structures, including those that are owned by PE. One hundred thi...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.02.008
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, a bewildering array of emerging rickettsial pathogens have been described throughout the world, including in the tropics. Here we present an updated overview of scrub typhus, murine typhus, and epidemic typhus. We also present an update on the emerging spotted fever group rickettsioses described in th...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2005.11.007
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thermage is a noninvasive nonablative device that uses monopolar radiofrequency energy to bulk heat underlying skin while protecting the epidermis to produce skin tightening. It is used for the treatment of rhytids on the face including the periorbital region and lower face, and more recently, for off-face application...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.09.007
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cause and effect between ultraviolet light and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is clear. In LE patients indeed, photosensitivity is one of the major diagnostic criteria of the systemic form of lupus erythematosus. This strong clinical association has led to the postulate that abnormal photosensitivity particip...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.12.017
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tattoos have gained worldwide popularity in recent years, and vaccinations are universal preventive measures designed to minimize morbidity associated with specific pathogens. Both dermal tattoos and vaccine injections may alter local immune responses, creating an immunocompromised district on or near the site of plac...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.04.016
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin cancer is both common and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Opportunities for both primary and secondary prevention are available to both dermatologists and non-dermatologists. Counseling selected patients about ultraviolet avoidance and proper use of sunscreens is recommended. Due to technical...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.002
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dr. Ida Lystic completed her MD degree at the prestigious Harvey Medical School (which has since been renamed the Harvey Provider School) and her residency in internal medicine and gastroenterology fellowship at the OTHER (Owen T. Henry and Eugene Rutherford) Medical Center. She was subsequently hired as an assistant ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mal de Meleda is an hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma named for the Mljet Island in Croatia. The lives of those affected by this disease represent a complex situation that encompasses members of a vulnerable group. They require enlightenment and should be approached with awareness, taking into account their overall ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.01.003
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human epidermis consists of a stratified epithelium mainly composed of keratinocytes and relies on a stem cell compartment to undergo constant regeneration. Genetic mutations affecting the capacity of basal keratinocytes to adhere firmly to the epidermal basement membrane lead to severe, and very often lethal, blister...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.017
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variations in pain perception have long been studied in the medical literature, especially for women in regards to their menstrual cycle. Anecdotally, women can be more sensitive to painful stimuli from cosmetic procedures during their menses; however, no studies have thoroughly examined variations in pain perception ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.011
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As new laser devices continue to emerge, it becomes increasingly important for the clinical dermatologist to understand the basic principles behind their operation. A fundamental understanding of how lasers interact with tissue will enable the physician to choose the most appropriate laser for a given clinical situati...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2005.10.019
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most prevalent inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by robust T-cell activation. The disease has several subtypes, all having a common T helper type 2 (Th2)/Th22 polarization, but it also displays differential immune skewing, such as increased Th17/interleukin 23 skewing in the skin ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.012
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses. It affects cutaneous sensation, temperature regulation, foot shape, and vasculature. Acanthosis nigricans is the most common dermatological manifestation of obesity. Skin tags are more commonly associated with diabetes than with obesity. Obesity increases the incidenc...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The attractiveness of the human body has always been an important issue in the fields of sociology, psychology, and psychiatry and also in the field of dermatology. In psychodermatology, one often discovers how all these fields intermingle to produce elaborate situations and extreme human difficulties. Perfect skin is...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.016
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of many drugs in dermatologic diseases may cause ocular side effects. Some may regress after discontinuation of the therapy, but others persist or progress even after the cessation of treatment. This review presents four groups of commonly prescribed drugs-antimalarial medicines, glucocorticoids, retinoids, an...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.012
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The world population of adults aged 60 years or more is increasing globally, and this development can impact skin disease morbidity and mortality, as well as being reflected in the health care system organization. There is substantial evidence that the burden from a remarkable number of skin nonmalignant and malignant...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.005
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paraviral eruptions, such as the papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome or eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, share the following features that distinguish them from a classic viral eruption: they are highly recognizable; the eruption usually lasts a few weeks; many different viruses and sometimes other agents can trigg...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.06.005
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most extensive investigations of treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis have been performed against L. panamensis disease in Colombia, and the relative value of regimens shown there may be instructive for disease from other areas. In Colombia, a 90-95% cure rate was achieved with three different drug regim...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0738-081x(96)00048-x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality disorders (PDs) are stable and enduring patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that deviate from one's cultural norms and cause impairment in functionality. Patients with PDs are commonly encountered in the dermatologic setting and can be perceived by providers as "difficult." Given that PDs are chroni...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.01.009
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic syndrome (MetS) or insulin resistance syndrome is a constellation of obesity-related metabolic derangements predisposing to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In 1998, WHO defined the first criteria of MetS. Three years later, the user-friendly National Cholesterol Education Program criteria of ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.002
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the late 1950s and early1960s, there was a concerted effort to modernize teaching, training, and patient care in the Vargas Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela. The above included the development of research in the frame of postgraduate training. This effort was to be helped by USA funds and institutions but could only ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.017
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased substantially in most white populations during the past several decades. Despite improvements in the early recognition of melanoma and the use of novel diagnostic techniques that enhance our diagnostic capabilities, disease-related mortality remains a significant publi...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.09.002
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:About 5% of all cancers worldwide can be attributed to human papillomaviruses (HPVs); namely, six sites are strongly associated with HPV infections: cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus, and oropharynx. Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common mal...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.009
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most defects in dermatologic surgery can be repaired by primary closure. If this is not feasible, then local flaps should be employed. Where flaps are unfeasible or would result in an additional cosmetic deformity, then a full-thickness skin graft should be employed. If the defect is too large for a full-thickness ski...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0738-081x(87)90031-9
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin is often affected in adverse drug reactions. Although the majority of cutaneous adverse drug reactions are benign and self-limiting, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), affecting multiple organs and systems, are potential...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.05.005
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of a true melanoma epidemic has been a controversial topic for the past decade. A dramatic increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in developed countries is well documented, but mortality rates have not risen as rapidly. This has generated much discussion about whether there is a true in...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.06.021
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melanocyte stem cells differ greatly from melanoma stem cells; the former provide pigmented cells during normal tissue homeostasis and repair, and the latter play an active role in a lethal form of cancer. These 2 cell types share several features and can be studied by similar methods. Aspects held in common by both m...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.08.014
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hailey-Hailey disease, also called benign familial pemphigus, is a late-onset blistering disorder that affects the flexures. There are typically painful erosions and cracks in affected areas. Lesions generally begin between 20 and 40 years of age. In two third of all cases, positive family history is detected. In path...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.04.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychocutaneous morbidity is commonly found in dermatologic practice. Patients generally refuse referral to psychiatry, and dermatologists cannot always provide psychotherapeutic support. By establishing an alliance with these patients and with working knowledge of the common psychotherapeutic agents used in dermatolo...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.11.013
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral manifestations of nutritional deficiencies can affect the mucous membranes, teeth, periodontal tissue, salivary glands, and perioral skin. This contribution reviews how the water-soluble vitamins (B(2), B(3), B(6), B(12), C, and folic acid), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E), and minerals (calcium, fluoride, iro...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.025
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
