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Gender differences in the trends and correlates of major depressive episodes among juvenile offenders in the United States.

Abstract：

PURPOSE:Although it is well-established that juvenile offenders are at an elevated risk for depression and that, within this group, females have the highest risk, little is known regarding the trends in the prevalence of depression among juvenile offenders in the United States. In the present study, we systematically examine secular trends in major depressive episodes (MDE) and their correlates among male and female juvenile offenders and non-offenders in the United States. METHODS:Data were collected between 2005 and 2014 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH uses multistage area probability sampling methods to select a representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized population in the United States. Participants included 171,118 youth aged 12-17 (159,449 non-offenders and 11,669 offenders). The primary variable of interest was self-reported past year MDE. Logistic regression assessed whether sociodemographic factors and psychosocial and behavioral correlates affected the risk of MDE. RESULTS:Between 2005 and 2014, the prevalence of MDE among female youth increased for both offender and non-offender groups: from 24.4% to 33.0% for the offenders and from 12.4% to 16.7% for the non-offenders. No significant trend changes were observed among male youth. In both male and female juvenile offenders, MDEs were associated with increased risk of illicit drug use (males OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.18-2.18; females OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.45-2.31). Additional correlates include alcohol use among male offenders (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.01-1.83), and binge drinking in female offenders (OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.02-1.49). CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of past year major depressive episodes is increasing for female juvenile offenders, highlighting a need for improved efforts to target these populations for prevention and treatment.

journal_name

Compr Psychiatry

journal_title

Comprehensive psychiatry

authors

Holzer KJ,Oh S,Salas-Wright CP,Vaughn MG,Landess J

doi

10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.005

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-01-01 00:00:00

pages

72-80

eissn

0010-440X

issn

1532-8384

pii

S0010-440X(17)30209-2

journal_volume

pub_type

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Gender differences in the trends and correlates of major depressive episodes among juvenile offenders in the United States.