Abstract：
:Substantial advancements in the field of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) research have broadened our understanding of this enigmatic disease. Genome-wide studies have identified several new candidate genes involved in the immunoregulatory process, particularly those responsible for antigen presentation and lymphocyte signaling. Examples include the HLA class-II region and genes implicated in IL12-JAK/STAT signaling, and the NF-κB and TNF signaling pathways. Environmental triggers appear to disrupt the pre-existing, unstable immune tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals, and molecular mimics of the PBC-specific autoantigen (PDC) may be derived from microbes or xenobiotic compounds, which modify native proteins, making them immunogenic. Although the vast majority of patients with PBC are AMA-positive, a variety of disease-specific antinuclear antibodies have been recognized in conferring a worse clinical outcome. There has also been a revived interest in the role of antibody-secreting B cells in murine models suggesting that depletion of these cells paradoxically exacerbates cholangiopathy. Biliary specificity in PBC is most likely driven by the uniqueness of cholangiocyte apoptosis in which the PDC-E2 autoantigen undergoes differential glutathiolation. Cholangiocytes also possess the ability to phagocytose neighboring apoptotic cells, present intact immunoreactive antigen, and undergo attack from autoantibodies, the innate immune system, and autoreactive lymphocytes. Cellular senescence and a lack of functioning T-regulatory cells are proposed mechanisms by which this multi-lineage process is thought to be enhanced. This review summarizes these key advances as the true complexities of the disease process begin to be unraveled.
journal_name
Hepatol Intjournal_title
Hepatology internationalauthors
Trivedi PJ,Cullen Sdoi
10.1007/s12072-012-9362-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
28-47issue
1eissn
1936-0533issn
1936-0541pii
10.1007/s12072-012-9362-7journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection experience a range of symptoms including depression, fatigue and neurocognitive deficits, impairing quality of life. Depression, in particular, may be reactive to increased psychosocial stress, and the physical symptoms of advanced HCV or associated comorbidities...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-018-9879-5
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Possible serologic activity after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance documented by conventional assays in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS:We determined the levels of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), and linea...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-012-9354-7
更新日期：2012-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:An ultrasound (US) examination is a common noninvasive technique widely applied for diagnosis of a variety of diseases. Based on the rapid development of US equipment, many US images have been accumulated and are now available and ready for the preparation of a database for the development of computer-aided US diagnos...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-019-09937-4
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The progression of HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis is insidious and unpredictable. Identification of factors leading to either a benign or more serious clinical outcome may assist in decision making for antiviral therapy. METHODS:From 1989 to 1998, 130 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis wer...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-015-9651-z
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered a poor prognostic factor of liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT), but its significance for lesions within the up-to-7 criteria is unclear. This study investigated the survival benefit of primary LT against LR for HCC with micr...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-011-9318-3
更新日期：2011-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has been disproved in many cancers. CSCs may exist in blood cancer, while many epithelial cancers may not have CSCs but tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Several independent studies have provided strong evidence for existence of CSCs in brain, skin, and colon cancers (Mani et al. in ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-016-9777-7
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by progressive destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. If left untreated, PBC may eventually result in end-stage liver disease. For better management of PBC and optimal allocation of med...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-017-9819-9
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:All previous studies reported the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with either a mixture of nonvariceal and variceal bleeding or variceal bleeding alone. Reports on sole peptic ulcers bleeding are lacking. We aimed to assess the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-012-9378-z
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-012-9395-y
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) within 4 weeks is part of the criteria for defining acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The pathophysiology of HE is complex, and hyperammonemia and cerebral hemodynamic dysfunction appear to be central in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy. Recent data also suggest that ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-015-9626-0
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor. For patients with advanced HCC, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is recommended as the current standard of care. In contrast, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is one of the recommended treatments in Japan. However, in Japan, the use...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-013-9515-3
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with a high mortality rate in the absence of liver transplantation. There is limited data on predictors of survival in ACLF in children. Therefore, we prospectively studied the predictors of outcome of ACLF in children. METHODS:A prospective evalu...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-010-9217-z
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although arterial stiffness has been reported to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), previous studies have relied only on noninvasive assessments for the diagnosis of NAFLD. This study attempted to investigate the association of arterial stiffness with the histological severity of NA...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-020-10108-z
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with hepatic decompensation leading to acute on chronic liver failure is not uncommon. It is associated with high mortality of up to 30-70%. Prognostic factors for mortality include high bilirubin level, more prolonged prothrombin time, low platelet count and presence of pre-existi...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-014-9569-x
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Worldwide, some 240 million people have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), with the highest rates of infection in Africa and Asia. Our understanding of the natural history of HBV infection and the potential for therapy of the resultant disease is continuously improving. New data have become available since the previous ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1007/s12072-015-9675-4
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the sequence variations in the enhancer II (EnhII)/basal core promotor (BCP)/precore (PC) and X genes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Thai patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by conducting a cross-sectional case-control study. METHODS:As much as 60 patients with HCC and 60 patients without H...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-010-9197-z
更新日期：2010-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Cytokines have been reported to be involved in the cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Many aspects on the correlation between minimal HE (MHE) and cytokine levels were still unclear. METHODS:Two hundred eighty-nine HBV-infected cirrhotic patients were grouped: non MHE (n = 156), MHE (n...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-015-9610-8
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver fibrosis assessment is essential not only for determining prognosis but also for identifying patients who should receive treatment. Liver biopsy is limited by its invasiveness and sampling error. To explore effective non-invasive methods for liver fibrosis assessment, ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-013-9439-y
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The liver plays a key role in the storage, metabolism and homeostasis of fat-soluble vitamins. We investigated the relation of Vitamin(Vit)A/D/E serum levels with severity of liver disease and portal hypertension (PHT). METHODS:VitA/D/E serum levels were assessed in 234 patients with advanced chron...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-020-10112-3
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:L-Asparaginase is a bacterial enzyme used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the ongoing U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study, standard and pegylated asparaginase were the most frequent cause of liver injury with jaundice among anti-cancer agents (8 of 40: 20%). ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-019-09971-2
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:T cell-mediated immune injury plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Given the high short-term mortality and crucial role of T cells in the disease progression, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of T cell clones dur...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-019-10008-x
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated a correlation between obstructive jaundice and the development of sepsis, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biliary obstruction on bacterial translocation as a possible s...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-007-9018-1
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Ultrasonography is the most frequently used modality in surveillance for HCC among patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, the optimal surveillance interval is still controversial and the usefulness of supplementary tumor marker determination has not been confirmed. METHODS:A total of 243 cases...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-009-9145-y
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:There have been reports that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is as equally effective as surgical resection for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate recurrence rate and risk factor of recurrence after RFA combined with TA...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-011-9290-y
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Ethanol binge augments liver injury after chronic ethanol consumption in humans, but the mechanism behind the enhanced liver injury by ethanol binge is not known. In this study we used a clinically relevant rat model in which liver injury is amplified by binge after chronic ethanol treatment and investigated th...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-014-9546-4
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background and aims The aims of this study were to evaluate a preventive effect on collateral venous circulation of long-term administration of propranolol in intrahepatic portal hypertensive rats. Methods Eighty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to two models of hepatic fibrosis, bile duct-ligated (BDL) induced ...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-008-9070-5
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with frequent resistance and loss of clinical benefit. We present outcomes of lamivudine-refractory Japanese patients treated with entecavir for 3 years. METHODS:Eighty-two patients refractory to lamivudine therapy received entecavir 0.5 or 1 mg d...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-009-9162-x
更新日期：2010-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a spectrum of increasingly harmful conditions ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis. NAFLD is the currently most common form of chronic liver disease in both adults and ch...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-019-10001-4
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated whether the combined presence and evolution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutant strains in the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive status can predict clinical outcomes after HBeAg seroconversion. METHODS:One hundred and eighty-six patients with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion were enrolled in...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12072-012-9381-4
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Variceal bleeding is a major complication of portal hypertension, which is associated with significant mortality. Moreover, patients surviving a variceal bleeding episode have very high risk of rebleeding, which is associated with mortality as high as that of the first bleed. Because of this, prevention of b...
journal_title：Hepatology international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12072-017-9833-y
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
