Abstract：
:Levulinic acid was esterified with methanol, ethanol, and 1-butanol with the final goal to predict the maximum yield of these equilibrium-limited reactions as function of medium composition. In a first step, standard reaction data (standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ R g 0 ) were determined from experimental formation properties. Unexpectedly, these Δ R g 0 values strongly deviated from data obtained with classical group contribution methods that are typically used if experimental standard data is not available. In a second step, reaction equilibrium concentrations obtained from esterification catalyzed by Novozym 435 at 323.15 K were measured, and the corresponding activity coefficients of the reacting agents were predicted with perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT). The so-obtained thermodynamic activities were used to determine Δ R g 0 at 323.15 K. These results could be used to cross-validate Δ R g 0 from experimental formation data. In a third step, reaction-equilibrium experiments showed that equilibrium position of the reactions under consideration depends strongly on the concentration of water and on the ratio of levulinic acid: alcohol in the initial reaction mixtures. The maximum yield of the esters was calculated using Δ R g 0 data from this work and activity coefficients of the reacting agents predicted with PC-SAFT for varying feed composition of the reaction mixtures. The use of the new Δ R g 0 data combined with PC-SAFT allowed good agreement to the measured yields, while predictions based on Δ R g 0 values obtained with group contribution methods showed high deviations to experimental yields.
journal_name
Appl Microbiol Biotechnoljournal_title
Applied microbiology and biotechnologyauthors
Altuntepe E,Emel'yanenko VN,Forster-Rotgers M,Sadowski G,Verevkin SP,Held Cdoi
10.1007/s00253-017-8481-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
7509-7521issue
20eissn
0175-7598issn
1432-0614pii
10.1007/s00253-017-8481-4journal_volume
101pub_type
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