Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Compound K (CK) is a bioactive derivative of ginsenoside Rb1 in Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). Its biological and pharmacological activities have been studied in various disease conditions, although its immunomodulatory role in innate immunity mediated by monocytes/macrophages has been poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of CK on cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. METHODS:The immunomodulatory role of CK was explored by various immunoassays including cell-cell adhesion, fibronectin adhesion, cell migration, phagocytic uptake, costimulatory molecules, reactive oxygen species production, luciferase activity, and by the measurement of mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes. RESULTS:Compound K induced cell cluster formation through cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, and phagocytic activity, but it suppressed cell-tissue interactions in U937 and RAW264.7 cells. Compound K also upregulated the surface expression of the cell adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation (CD) 43 (CD43) and costimulatory molecules CD69, CD80, and CD86, but it downregulated the expression of monocyte differentiation marker CD82 in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, CK induced the release of reactive oxygen species and induced messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enhancing the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein-1. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that CK has an immunomodulatory role in innate immune responses through regulating various cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages.
journal_name
J Ginseng Resjournal_title
Journal of ginseng researchauthors
Yang WS,Yi YS,Kim D,Kim MH,Park JG,Kim E,Lee SY,Yoon K,Kim JH,Park J,Cho JYdoi
10.1016/j.jgr.2016.06.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
298-306issue
3eissn
1226-8453issn
2093-4947pii
S1226-8453(16)30070-7journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The detrimental impact of air pollution as a result of frequent exposure to fine particles posed a global public health risk mainly to the pulmonary disorders in pediatric and geriatric population. Here, we reviewed the current literature regarding the role of ginseng and/or its components as antimicrobials, especiall...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.001
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that in vitro anti-platelet activity of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (TCMG) ethanol extracts show improved efficacy when compared with commercial ginseng products such as Korean red ginseng and Panax ginseng. However, information on the anti-platelet activity of the ethyl acetate fraction fr...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.442
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Panax ginseng is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs worldwide for a variety of therapeutic properties including neurocognitive effects. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most abundant active chemical constituents of this herb with known neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and cognition improving effects. Me...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.010
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quick and simple method for simultaneous determination of the 30 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Ro, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, 20(S)-Rh1, 20(S)-Rh2, 20(R)-Rh2, F1, F2, F4, Ra1, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rg5, Rk1, Rb3, Rk2, Rh3, compound Y, compound K, and notoginsenoside R1) in Panax ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2013.37.457
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The biological and pharmacological effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, have been reported in various disease conditions. However, its molecular action in metabolic disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the antiadipogenic activity of BST204 resulting from its inhibition o...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.08.002
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The mixed-cultivation of different Panax ginseng cultivars can cause adverse effects on stability of yield and quality. K-1 is a superior cultivar with good root shape and stronger disease resistance. DNA markers mined from functional genes are clearly desirable for K-1, as they may associate with major trai...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.001
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease that shows astrocyte pathology. Ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf) is a saponin found in Panax ginseng which has been used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases. We aimed to investigate antidepressant properties of G-Rf when introduced into the L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA)...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.005
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Despite the large number of studies on ginseng, pharmacological activities of ginseng seed oil (GSO) have not been established. GSO is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to exert a therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)....
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.010
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Panax ginseng is a traditional herb used for medicinal purposes in eastern Asia. P. ginseng contains various ginsenosides with pharmacological effects. In this study, floralginsenoside A (FGA), ginsenoside Rd (GRD), and ginsenoside Re (GRE) were purified from P. ginseng berry. METHODS:Chemical structures of...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.005
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Korean red ginseng has been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. However, little is known about antiviral activity of ginsenosides of Korean red ginseng. Here, we investigated the protective effect by oral administration of various ginsenosides on the lethal infection of haemagglutinating virus of Japa...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2013.37.80
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ginsenoside Rg3, a derivative of steroidal saponins abundant in ginseng, has a range of effects on cancer cells, including anti-cell proliferation and anti-inflammation activity. Here, we investigate two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), STXBP5-AS1 and RFX3-AS1, which are hypomethylated and hypermethylated in t...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.02.004
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To investigate the effect of pectinase-treated Panax ginseng (GINST) in cellular and male subfertility animal models. METHODS:Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced mouse spermatocyte GC-2spd cells were used as an in vitro model. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. For the in vivo study, GINST (200 mg/kg...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.005
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phos...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.11.002
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Minor saponins or human intestinal bacterial metabolites, such as ginsenosides Rg3, F2, Rh2, and compound K, are more pharmacologically active than major saponins, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1 was studied using enzyme preparations from cultured ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.007
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ginsenoside Rf is a ginseng saponin found only in Panax ginseng that affects lipid metabolism. It also has neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties. We previously showed that Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by hypoxia via peroxisome proliferator-activated ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.11.007
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a characterized component in red ginseng widely used in Korea and China. GRh2 exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its effects on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection have not been clarifi...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.06.002
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ginseng has been used as an herbal medicine, widely used in Asian countries, for long time. Recently, beneficial effects for immune functions of Korean red ginseng (KRG) have been reported in adults. This study was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng on immune functions in children after cessation of chemo...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.383
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Korean red ginseng (KRG) is used worldwide as a popular traditional herbal medicine. KRG has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Up-regulation of a cytoprotective protein, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, is considered to augment the cellular defense against ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.352
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ginsenosides are the major effective ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Malonyl ginsenosides are natural ginsenosides that contain a malonyl group attached to a glucose unit of the corresponding neutral ginsenosides. METHODS:Medium-pressure liquid chromatography and semiprep...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.003
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginseng may also be potentially valuable in treating cardiovascular diseases. Research concerning cardiovascular disease is focusing on purified individual ginsenoside constitue...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.16
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identifying suitable site for growing mountain-cultivated ginseng is a concern for ginseng producers. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil properties of cultivation sites for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Hamyang-gun, which is one of the most well-known areas for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Kore...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2014.06.004
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There seems to be some controversy about the effect of total ginseng saponin (TGS) on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the adrenal gland. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether TGS can affect the CA release in the perfused model of the adrenal medulla isolated from spontaneously hypertensive ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2011.35.2.176
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods:To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizome between raw and...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.004
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the contents of ginsenosides depending on steaming conditions of red ginsengs to provide basic information for developing functional foods using red ginsengs. The red ginseng steamed eight times at 98℃ ranked atop the amounts of prosapogenins ever detected in red ginsengs (ginsenoside Rg2, Rg3, Rg5...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.102
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our results suggested that thermal stress can lead to activation of hippocampal cell damage and reduction of memory-associated molecules in HT22 cells. These findings also provide a part of molecular rationale for the role of ginsenoside Rg5 as a potent cognitive impairment preventive compound in blocking the initiati...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.02.002
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Jilin Province is one of the principal production bases of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China with its typical preponderance in TCM resources, research and development power, and industrialization capacity. The province has 2,790 species of TCM materials in total. Over 20% of the TCM materials in common use a...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2014.05.007
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, photosynthetic parameters such as the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate were examined in selected ginseng varieties and/or lines that are resistant (Yunpoong, HTIR 1, HTIR 2, and HTIR 3) and susceptible (Chunpoong) to high temperature ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.461
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, with metastasis of newly diagnosed CRC reported in a large proportion of patients. However, the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extracts (KRGE) on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC is unknown. Therefore, we examined the mechanisms by which ...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.008
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Roles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS:We evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), urushiol, and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) in...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2014.04.002
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some differences have been reported in the biotransformation of ginsenosides, probably due to the types of materials used such as ginseng, enzymes, and microorganisms. Moreover, most microorganisms used for transforming ginsenosides do not meet food-grade standards. We investigated the statistical conversion...
journal_title:Journal of ginseng research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.008
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00