Abstract:
:Regulatory guidelines for nonclinical neurotoxicity testing require spinal cord evaluation but do not specify a trimming scheme. The Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) "best practices" for nervous system sampling during nonclinical general toxicity studies recommend that spinal cord be assessed in both longitudinal/oblique and transverse sections. This article defines possible longitudinal/oblique orientations, describes their benefits and challenges, and provides an expert recommendation regarding suitable trimming planes. Longitudinal parasagittal (LP) sections follow a vertical plane just lateral to the midline, revealing sensory and motor tracts but little gray matter. Longitudinal horizontal sections transect only sensory or motor tracts and variable quantities of gray matter. Oblique vertical (OV) sections angle across the spinal cord from side to side. Oblique transverse (OT) sections slant through from top (dorsal [posterior]) to bottom (ventral [anterior]). Compared to longitudinal planes, oblique orientations demonstrate considerably more gray matter and white matter. Current STP "best practices" explicitly recommend the LP and OV options; the OT orientation also will yield suitable sections while permitting assessment of anatomic symmetry. Selection among the LP, OT, and OV planes should be at the discretion of the study pathologist. The bilaterally symmetrical OT sections likely will be analyzed most easily by nonneuropathologists.
journal_name
Toxicol Patholjournal_title
Toxicologic pathologyauthors
Bolon Bdoi
10.1177/0192623317720120subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
580-583issue
5eissn
0192-6233issn
1533-1601journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The 2012 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Boston in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 31st annual meeting. The goal of the NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic patholog...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type:
doi:10.1177/0192623312467102
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most available data on the involvement of p53 in rodent carcinogenesis are based on results of the end point of chemically or virally induced carcinogenesis, i.e., tumors. To investigate the role of altered p53 expression in early stages of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis in a systematic way, we treated male Wistar rats f...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339802600507
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNI) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, PHI-346 (N-[2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethyl]-N'-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea), is a dual-function spermicidal agent with potent anti-HIV activity against drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant HIV-1 strains with genotypic and phenotypic NNI resistance. PHI-3...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230290168551
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel urinary protein biomarkers for the detection of acute renal damage, recently accepted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (Japan), now have to be validated in practice. Limited data regarding the performance of these acute markers af...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623312444618
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) from several classes of molecules are currently in drug development. Despite over 20 years of pharmaceutical research, few ASOs have been marketed due to problems with clinical efficacy or preclinical toxicologic challenges. However, a number of recent developments have renewed i...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0192623314551840
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose-response of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis was determined in infant Balb/c male mice with and without subsequent phenobarbital treatment. Male Balb/c mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of DENA (0, 2.5, 10.0, 25.0 or 50.0 micrograms/gbw) in saline on day 15 of age. N...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338801600310
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic injury occurs in the liver more often than any other organ. This can be attributed to the fact that virtually all ingested substances that are absorbed are first presented to the liver and that the liver is responsible for the metabolism and elimination of many substances. Drug-induced liver injury has become a ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01926230590522428
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This experiment evaluated effects following chronic toxicity with 20 ppm fenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroid), 2 ppm monocrotophos (organophosphate) and 2 ppm endosulfan (chlorinated hydrocarbon) on bone health of broiler chicks. A total of 120 chicks were divided equally into 4 groups and were fed poultry mash without ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230490431745
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages appearing in lesions are polarized toward M1 (for inflammation) and M2 (for anti-inflammation/fibrosis) types. We analyzed immunophenotypes of macrophages appearing in myocardial lesion in rats injected once with isoproterenol (10 mg/kg body weight). Inflammation following myocardial necrosis on day 1 was ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623320982526
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work in our laboratory revealed that the pubertal period of reproductive development in the male rat was particularly vulnerable to gossypol exposure, with a higher frequency of round structures in the lumen of the cauda epididymidis in the treated rats. Herein, we utilized hemicastration and electron microsc...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230600932455
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necropsies conducted to support medical device development may be conducted in facilities that do not have the infrastructure in place to support Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies (GLP) studies and for a variety of reasons they may be conducted without a pathologist present at necropsy. Howev...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623315617035
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces sustained inflammation and carcinoma of the liver in A/JCr mice, and serves as a model of human cancers associated with viral hepatitis and H. pylorichronic gastritis. Here we describe the pathogenesis of premalignant disease in A/JCr mice infected with H. hepaticus. We inocula...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230490524247
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In carcinogenicity studies with PPAR gamma and alpha/gamma agonists, urinary bladder tumors have been reported in Harlan Sprague-Dawley (HSD) and Charles River Sprague-Dawley (SD) but not Wistar (WI) rats, with urolithiasis purported to be the inciting event. In two 3-month studies, the authors investigated strain-rel...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623309332990
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells have to double their protein mass in order to divide. Whether this is achieved through increased synthesis (PS), decreased degradation (PD), or a combination of both is still debated. Likewise open are other basic questions: whether, beyond differences relating to growth phase (GP) or rate, reduced PD rates are ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338401200312
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital anomalies of the alimentary tract are rare lesions in laboratory animals. We describe a congenital cyst attached to the greater curvature of the forestomach in a B6C3F1 mouse. The inner surface of the cyst was mostly covered with cuboidal or pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and was focally covered with ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339902700514
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the biggest challenges in drug development is interpretation of findings suggestive of immunostimulation, particularly when the findings are unexpected based on the known mechanism of action of the drug. Findings suggestive of immunostimulation do not necessarily preclude development of the drug. By understandi...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623313513075
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preclinical safety of RPR 106541, a novel 17-thiosteroid, was evaluated in young adult and mature dogs by inhalation exposure for 26 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. A dry powder formulation of RPR 106541 in lactose was administered to young adult dogs (approximately 6 months of age at initiation) at doses of 0 (...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262330002800202
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize the hepatic lesions in Fischer 344 (F344) rats afflicted with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia, the livers of rats with LGL leukemia at various stages were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The morphologic features in the livers of rats afflicted with LGL leukemia were dif...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623315578719
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The usefulness of isolated adult cardiac myocytes, both in suspension and in culture, as a model system for measuring cardiotoxicity is evaluated. It has been suggested that isolated adult myocytes should preferably be cultured for such experimentation, as this restores the cells to a physiological preference for fatt...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal tubular hyaline droplets developed in male and female F344 rats bearing a rat fibrosarcoma-derived transplantable tumor (SS). The droplets accumulated exclusively in the proximal renal tubular epithelia as eosinophilic granules of various sizes in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. The granules stained brig...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339802600517
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental pollutants, chemicals, and drugs have an impact on children's immune system development. Mexico City (MC) children exposed to significant concentrations of air pollutants exhibit chronic respiratory inflammation, systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. We tested the hypothesis t...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623308329340
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The performance of the p53-/- transgenic (knockout) mouse model was evaluated through review of the data from 31 short-term carcinogenicity studies with 21 compounds tested as part of the International Life Sciences Institute's (ILSI) Alternatives to Carcinogenicity Testing (ACT) project, together with data from other...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/019262301753178465
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) presents a pollutant implicated in various toxicological effects. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of DMBA administration on oxidative stress, histopathological signs, and 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) binding characteristics in rat liver. We also studied t...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623310379137
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected business on numerous fronts in unprecedented and abrupt ways. From site closures and local "stay-at-home orders" to travel advisories and restrictions, the day-to-day practice of toxicologic pathology has been impacted dramatically and rapidly. A critical function of ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623320964087
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenicity testing of antitumor agents in animal bioassays has been proposed because of the potential for carcinogenicity of this class of agents and the expectation that such testing may indicate prospectively the target organs of any related human oncogenesis. The literature reveals the anticipated confirmation...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338501300305
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoplasmic vacuolation of sensory neurons has been reported to occur within the dorsal root ganglia in studies investigating various neuropathic conditions including the effects of neurotoxic chemicals. In this study, we investigated this lesion in adult (98-119 days old) male Long-Evans rats, after multiple exposure...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623310369343
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The histologic effect of 400 mg/M2/day of hydrocortisone, given alternatively from day 7 to day 19 after birth, was studied on the spleen of the immunologically immature rat. Two days after the cessation of treatment, the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths were found to be largely depleted of small lymphocytes. Immunope...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262339302100406
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), its effects on serum and hepatic retinoid, content and liver morphology were investigated in adult female WAG/Rij rats. Animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of either a corn oil vehicle, 15 or 200 mg TCB/kg body weight and were killed at 1, 3, 7, ...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/019262338901700308
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicogenomics using a reference database can provide a better understanding and prediction of toxicity, largely by creating biomarkers that tie gene expression to actual pathology events. During the course of building a toxicogenomic database, an observation was made that a number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory c...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01926230600611752
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development process of myelination varies between region and species. Fully myelinated fibers are required if mammalian neural circuits are to function normally. Histology samples at staggered time points throughout the study were examined at days 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 17, 24, 37, and 44. We suggest that the develop...
journal_title:Toxicologic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0192623313503518
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00