Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To compare estimates of mean population salt intake in North and South India derived from spot urine samples versus 24-h urine collections. METHODS:In a cross-sectional survey, participants were sampled from slum, urban and rural communities in North and in South India. Participants provided 24-h urine collections, and random morning spot urine samples. Salt intake was estimated from the spot urine samples using a series of established estimating equations. Salt intake data from the 24-h urine collections and spot urine equations were weighted to provide estimates of salt intake for Delhi and Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh. RESULTS:A total of 957 individuals provided a complete 24-h urine collection and a spot urine sample. Weighted mean salt intake based on the 24-h urine collection, was 8.59 (95% confidence interval 7.73-9.45) and 9.46 g/day (8.95-9.96) in Delhi and Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh, respectively. Corresponding estimates based on the Tanaka equation [9.04 (8.63-9.45) and 9.79 g/day (9.62-9.96) for Delhi and Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh, respectively], the Mage equation [8.80 (7.67-9.94) and 10.19 g/day (95% CI 9.59-10.79)], the INTERSALT equation [7.99 (7.61-8.37) and 8.64 g/day (8.04-9.23)] and the INTERSALT equation with potassium [8.13 (7.74-8.52) and 8.81 g/day (8.16-9.46)] were all within 1 g/day of the estimate based upon 24-h collections. For the Toft equation, estimates were 1-2 g/day higher [9.94 (9.24-10.64) and 10.69 g/day (9.44-11.93)] and for the Kawasaki equation they were 3-4 g/day higher [12.14 (11.30-12.97) and 13.64 g/day (13.15-14.12)]. CONCLUSION:In urban and rural areas in North and South India, most spot urine-based equations provided reasonable estimates of mean population salt intake. Equations that did not provide good estimates may have failed because specimen collection was not aligned with the original method.
journal_name
J Hypertensjournal_title
Journal of hypertensionauthors
Petersen KS,Johnson C,Mohan S,Rogers K,Shivashankar R,Thout SR,Gupta P,He FJ,MacGregor GA,Webster J,Santos JA,Krishnan A,Maulik PK,Reddy KS,Gupta R,Prabhakaran D,Neal Bdoi
10.1097/HJH.0000000000001464subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-01 00:00:00pages
2207-2213issue
11eissn
0263-6352issn
1473-5598journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The reported prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in human hypertension is much lower than that among animals with experimental hypertension. With current methods of determining left ventricular mass by M-mode echocardiography, the standard error of a single estimate is high and consequently so is the SD o...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1097/00004872-199816060-00001
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prognostic significance of cardiovascular risk factors including 24-h ambulatory blood pressure level and rhythm for all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS:In a prospective observational study, 104 patients with type 2 diabetes were followed: 51 patients with diabetic nephro...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f06428
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate whether a difference exists in blood pressure (BP) elevation during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) between essential hypertensives (EHT) and normotensives (NT), IHG was carried out in 12 NT and 46 EHT under constant sodium intake using a new instrument. The acute effects of propranolol and prazosin on ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-198706000-00007
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelin-1 was infused into the non-dominant brachial artery in two male subjects. We then monitored intra-arterial mean blood pressure, right atrial pressure, the heart rate and forearm blood flow (by plethysmography). Endothelin-1 at a dose of 5 x 10(-14) to 5 x 10(-9) mol, infused over 5 min periods, elicited no ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199009000-00004
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Arterial remodeling aims to maintain a constant circumferential wall stress (sigmac). A failing remodeling process is associated with stroke. Data on the relationship between chronic kidney disease and arterial remodeling are scarce. METHODS:We investigated the association between a lower glomerular filtrati...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f50066
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The long-term consequences of extreme prematurity are becoming increasingly important, given recent improvements in neonatal intensive care. The aim of the current study was to examine the cardiovascular consequences of extreme prematurity in 11-year-olds born at or before 25 completed weeks of gestation. M...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328347e333
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The inverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well documented. Aortic stiffness assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a strong predictor of CVD events. However, no previous study has examined the effect of SES on arterial stiffening over time. Th...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001057
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVES:To assess the relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction assessed by 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiog...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002330
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Some cases of pseudopheochromocytoma have been described among hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study examined whether a pathological rise of urinary metanephrines is a common feature in hypertensive OSA patients and, in such a case, whether the ventilation treatment during sleep...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001507
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The goal of this study was to compare the cardiovascular responses to behavioural stressors of three groups of adolescents who differed in blood pressure status across assessments. DESIGN:Casual blood pressure of adolescents who were identified as having elevated blood pressure during a school screen was re...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200101000-00003
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a marker of organ damage in hypertension and helps stratifying cardiovascular risk. Initial left-ventricular mass (LVM) is also a predictor of progression to hypertension, independently of initial blood pressure (BP) and other confounders. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate whether...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328343ce32
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Widely evaluated regarding the genetic make-up of essential hypertension are the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes polymorphisms, whereas results are often not reproducible. METHOD:We thus focused on a large Fangshan population to explore association of thirteen polymorphisms in five genes o...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832b7e0d
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen essential hypertensive patients with normal renal function were treated with a new non-sulphydryl orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, benazepril, 10 mg given once or twice daily, according to diastolic blood pressure levels, for 6 weeks. In all patients, changes in blood pressure, sy...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199011000-00003
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed to characterize the influence of salt intake on the gene expression of the kidney specific chloride channels CLC-K1 and CLC-K2 in the kidneys of salt-resistant and salt-sensitive Dahl rats. DESIGN:For this purpose Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl-R) and Dahl salt-sensitive rats (Dahl-S) were...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200018090-00015
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and hypertension frequently coexist, and both are associated with higher night-time than daytime urine sodium excretion rate (UNaV). However, the relative contribution of each condition is unknown. We compared the circadian pattern of UNaV in hypertensive and normotensive patie...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000327
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precapillary resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY) were found to contain three inositol lipids and to produce five inositol phosphate peaks. These were assessed by a highly sensitive procedure which involved the separation of radiolabelled inositol-cont...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199006000-00009
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Optimal medication use obscures the impact of physical activity on traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. We evaluated the relationship between step counts and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a summative risk indicator, in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001277
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Beta-blockers are not recommended as the initial therapy for hypertension. Reports on associations between use of beta-blockers and stroke severity are inconclusive. We assessed associations between prestroke use of beta-blockers and stroke severity, poststroke disability and death in a large group of hypert...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001218
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postmenopausal estrogen replacement, with or without progestins, has been related to lower cardiovascular risks. OBJECTIVE:We investigated whether the actions of estrogen on vascular resistance contribute to this cardioprotective effect. DESIGN AND METHODS:In a 6-month double-blind study, pre- and post-tre...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00004872-200102000-00014
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nicardipine administration upon systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). DESIGN:SBP, heart: and left ventricle: body weight ratios, the cross-sectional area of cardiocytes, and the ultrastructur...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199206000-00002
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is influenced by changes in sodium balance and angiotensin II (ANG II) levels. In previous studies it has been difficult to assess the physiological effects on blood pressure homeostasis of different rates of ANG II infusion and of different levels of sodium in the di...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine adrenocorticotrophin dose-response relationships for increase of blood pressure and metabolic parameters of the Sprague-Dawley rat. METHODS:We injected 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats twice daily subcutaneously for 10 days with 0.5, 1, 5, 50, 100, 200 or 500 microg/kg synthetic adrenocorticotrophin...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199816050-00006
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Familial hyperkalaemic hypertension (FHH) is a Mendelian form of low-renin hypertension characterized by hyperkalaemia and hyperchloraemic acidosis despite a normal glomerular filtration rate. To date, three different loci have been identified, on chromosomes 1, 17 and 12. OBJECTIVE:To test for genetic link...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200111000-00005
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Whether the C-344T polymorphism of the aldosterone synthase gene is important for blood pressure control remains controversial. It has been proposed that an association between this polymorphism and blood pressure might be evident in elderly subjects. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000183119.92455.a7
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The repair process at the site of injury after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is dominated by neointimal formation composed mainly of smooth muscle cells (SMC). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a powerful vasoconstrictor and SMC mitogen. Endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) is the final key enzyme of endothelin...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000217854.97369.8c
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conscious male beagle dogs were given constant intravenous infusions of noradrenaline for 14 days, four receiving 125 ng/kg/min and four 250 ng/kg/min. Before, during and after these infusions dose-response studies were done in which additional noradrenaline was infused at 500, 1000 and 2000 ng/kg/min, each rate for 1...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to evaluate the capacity of norepinephrine (NE) to induce hypertrophic remodeling of small arteries in rats, and to determine the involvement of endothelin (ET) to initiate and maintain it. DESIGN AND RESULTS:Treatment with NE (2.5 microg/kg per min) for 14 or 28 days produced a simil...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200110000-00014
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inflammatory processes may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular injury in salt-loaded, stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Thromboxane A2 (TP) receptor stimulation by 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) is involved in the process of vascular inflammation. O...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3280464dc8
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Telmisartan is a unique AT1 receptor blocker with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonistic action. Activation of PPAR-gamma could prevent inflammation and brain damage. METHOD:We investigated the beneficial effect of telmisartan on ischemic brain damage via PPAR-gamma activa...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833a551a
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical records were examined for 1935 patients who presented sequentially to a hypertension clinic between 1971 and 1981. Patients were classified according to whether they were on a beta-blocker, methyldopa, a potassium-losing diuretic, or whether they had discontinued any of these treatments. Age-standardized morta...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-198907000-00009
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00