Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Tinnitus is a multifactorial condition and its prevalence has increased on the past decades. The worldwide progressive increase of the use of cell phones has exposed the peripheral auditory pathways to a higher dose of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation (EMRFR). Some tinnitus patients report that the abusive use of mobiles, especially when repeated in the same ear, might worsen ipsilateral tinnitus. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the available evidence about the possible causal association between tinnitus and exposure to electromagnetic waves. METHODS:A literature review was performed searching for the following keywords: tinnitus, electromagnetic field, mobile phones, radio frequency, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. We selected 165 articles that were considered clinically relevant in at least one of the subjects. RESULTS:EMRFR can penetrate exposed tissues and safety exposure levels have been established. These waves provoke proved thermogenic effects and potential biological and genotoxic effects. Some individuals are more sensitive to electromagnetic exposure (electrosensitivity), and thus, present earlier symptoms. There may be a common pathophysiology between this electrosensitivity and tinnitus. CONCLUSION:There are already reasonable evidences to suggest caution for using mobile phones to prevent auditory damage and the onset or worsening of tinnitus.
journal_name
Braz J Otorhinolaryngoljournal_title
Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngologyauthors
Medeiros LN,Sanchez TGdoi
10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.04.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
97-104issue
1eissn
1808-8694issn
1808-8686pii
S1808-8694(15)00163-9journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：UNLABELLED:Mandibular cross-sectional deficiency is a dentofacial defect in connection with the narrowing of the mandibular arch width. This abnormality is a significant etiopathogenic factor and it is often associated with nasal breathing difficulties. This atresia may be treated through Rapid Maxillary Expansion or S...
journal_title：Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology
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journal_title：Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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