Abstract：
PURPOSE:We examined the effect of electric fan use on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses of nine young (26 ± 3 yr) and nine aged (68 ± 4 yr) adults exposed to extreme heat and humidity. METHODS:While resting at a temperature of 42°C, relative humidity increased from 30% to 70% in 2% increments every 5 min. On randomized days, the protocol was repeated without or with fan use. HR, core (Tcore) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures were measured continuously. Whole-body sweat loss was measured from changes in nude body weight. Other measures of cardiovascular (cardiac output), thermoregulatory (local cutaneous and forearm vascular conductance, local sweat rate), and perceptual (thermal and thirst sensations) responses were also examined. RESULTS:When averaged over the entire protocol, fan use resulted in a small reduction of HR (-2 bpm, 95% confidence interval [CI], -8 to 3), and slightly greater Tcore (+0.05°C; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.23) and Tsk (+0.03°C; 95% CI, -0.36 to 0.42) in young adults. In contrast, fan use resulted in greater HR (+5 bpm; 95% CI, 0-10), Tcore (+0.20°C; 95% CI, 0.00-0.41), and Tsk (+0.47°C; 95% CI, 0.18-0.76) in aged adults. A greater whole-body sweat loss during fan use was observed in young (+0.2 kg; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.6) but not aged (0.0 kg; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.2) adults. Greater local sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance were observed with fan use in aged adults. Other measures of cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses were unaffected by fan use in both groups. CONCLUSIONS:During extreme heat and humidity, fan use elevates physiological strain in aged, but not young, adults.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Gagnon D,Romero SA,Cramer MN,Kouda K,Poh PYS,Ngo H,Jay O,Crandall CGdoi
10.1249/MSS.0000000000001348subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-01 00:00:00pages
2333-2342issue
11eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:Increased vertical impact loading during running has been associated with a variety of running related injuries including stress fractures, patellofemoral pain, and plantar fasciitis. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and long-term effect of a gait retraining program aimed at teaching runners...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001710
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Unilateral elbow pain results in sensorimotor dysfunction that is frequently bilateral, affects local and remote upper limb muscles, and persists beyond resolution of local tendon symptoms. These characteristics suggest supraspinal involvement. Here, we investigated 1) the excitability and organization of ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000469
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The influence of maximal strength, as measured by the maximal load lifted for one repetition (1RM), on power production in the initial 200 ms of the concentric phase for both rebound and nonrebound movements was investigated. We also investigated the effect of external load upon this relationship. METHODS:Twen...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200010000-00016
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:There is a lack of robust evidence to support a daily step count target that equates to current physical activity guidelines in children and youth. This information would be useful to researchers and practitioners who are using pedometers to monitor physical activity. METHODS:Accelerometer and pedometer data c...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823f23b1
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve male swimmers were studied psychologically before, during, and after 10 d of increased training. Daily training distance was increased from 4,000 to 9,000 m.d-1, and intensity was maintained at 94% of VO2max. Three of the swimmers were unable to tolerate the increased training load, and they did the same distan...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198808000-00014
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge of running related injuries by determining whether relationships exist between selected anthropometric, biomechanical, muscular strength and endurance, and training variables and runners afflicted with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Specifically, the objectives of this...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden cardiac death is always a tragedy. Sudden death during sport is particularly poignant because people tend to associate sport with health and fitness. Both the public and the medical profession would like to prevent such events, and preparticipation medical screening is often promoted as one such method. When we...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-199810001-00002
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To optimize endurance cycling performance, it is important to maximize efficiency. Power-measuring cranks and force-sensing pedals can be used to determine the mechanical effectiveness of cycling. From both a coaching and basic science perspective, it is of interest if a mechanically effective pedaling techniqu...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318043a235
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the maximal physiological responses between aquatic and land-based graded exercise tests in overweight women. METHODS:Twenty healthy, overweight (body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg.m(-2)), Caucasian women (mean +/- SD; age 48 +/- 7 yr, BMI 30 +/- 4 kg.m(-2)) completed a deep water running (DWR) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318164d0e0
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study, theoretically based on the Exercise Self-Esteem Model, EXSEM, examined effects of exercise modality on physical and global self-esteem (PSE, GSE) in breast cancer survivors. The EXSEM posits GSE at the apex with PSE feeding into GSE. PSE has three subdomains: physical condition (PC), attractive body...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822cb5f2
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of cardiovascular (CV) drift and decrease in maximal oxygen uptake (V[spacing dot above]O2max) would be greater at 35 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. METHODS:The increase in HR and decrease in stroke volume (SV) between 15 and 45 min of cycling at 59.2 +/- 1....
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181666ed7
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The quadriceps avoidance gait pattern may not be as common in ACL deficient (ACLd) gait as previously described. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of the quadriceps avoidance pattern in ACL deficient patients and to further identify gait compensations that may exist in thi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000135797.09291.71
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose was to study the effects of skipping rate on energy expenditure and sex differences in response to rope skipping. Responses of 19 males and 11 females were measured while skipping for 5 min at 125, 135 and 145 skips . min-1. Expired air was routed through a hollow handle to collection bags to provide unint...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether efferent sympathetic nerve activity is different to resting skeletal muscles from the exercising and nonexercising limb. MSNA was measured by microneurography in both legs (peroneal nerve) in six subjects during 2 min of unilateral isometric knee extension (IKE; 10-30...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Canine skeletal muscle preparations in situ contain varying mixtures of fast and slow fatigue resistant fibers. All vessels on the arterial side of the vascular bed in these preparations from the conduit arteries to the arterioles contribute to the vascular resistance. The vascular beds autoregulate at rest and during...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/00005768-198810001-00004
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Few epidemiological studies have been conducted among middle-aged women on long-term total and specific physical activity (PA) trends. We studied in a cross-sectional setting the relationship of self-reported total daily PA with age and calendar time. METHODS:In a population-based cohort of 38,988 women aged 4...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000185086.19220.b3
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the maximum oxygen uptake V0(2max) of elite endurance athletes and to explain why the body mass exponent, necessary to render V0(2max) independent of body mass, appears to be greater than 0.67. METHODS:Study 1: V0(2max) of 174 international sportsmen and women was assessed. Athletes were recruited f...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000053728.12929.5D
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826ea8e3
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200009000-00021
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a252b7
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Arterial distensibility decreases with age. This decrease may be associated with the initiation and/or progression of hypertension and atherosclerosis and may be attenuated by positive lifestyle habits, including habitual physical activity. We tested the hypothesis that self-reported sport, leisure, and work ph...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200112000-00014
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children and adolescents possess higher weight-related maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) levels than older individuals. The capacity of prepubescent children to improve aerobic fitness with endurance training is controversial, and reported data have provided conflicting evidence. In the adult, physical activity of c...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Little is known of the potential long-term gait alterations that occur after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In particular, variables, such as impact loading, which have been previously associated with joint deterioration, have not been studied in walking and running after an ACL reconstruct...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318285c6b6
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise represents the primary countermeasure used during spaceflight to maintain or restore maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), musculoskeletal structure, and orthostatic function. However, no single exercise or combination of prescriptions has proven entirely effective in restoring cardiovascular and musculoskeletal...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-199608000-00010
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Maximizing carbohydrate availability is important for many endurance events. Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin-fructose (MAL + FRU + PEC + ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation, but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002262
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effects of anabolic steroids on myocardial structure, VO2max, and body composition, experienced age-matched male weight trainers (M age 26.5 yr) who either used (U) (N = 11) or did not use (NU) (N = 13) anabolic steroids were evaluated. Steroid users were tested while off cycle (U-OFF) for at least 8 ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Investigate development of specific performance adaptions and hormonal responses every fourth week during a 12-wk high-intensity training (HIT) period in groups with different interval-training prescriptions. METHODS:Sixty-three well-trained cyclists performing a 12-wk intervention consisting of two to three H...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001214
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Hiking is a recreational activity shown to offer significant positive effects on the human body. However, walking downhill and external load carriage have both been shown to increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain and injury. The use of hiking poles has been demonstrated to be successful in reducing forces...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000240328.31276.fc
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Development of an endurance training-overtraining protocol for Wistar rats that includes increased workload and is characterized by analyses of performance and biomarkers. METHODS:The running protocol lasted 11 wk: 8 wk of daily exercise sessions followed by 3 wk of increasing training frequency (two, three, a...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318191259c
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
