Abstract:
:The centrally acting agents are one of several differing classes of drugs now available for antihypertensive therapy. The availability of newer pharmacologic classes, including the beta-blockers, alpha-blockers. ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers, has resulted in a relative decline in the use of the centrally acting drugs. A major reason for this change in emphasis has been the perception by clinicians that the centrally acting agents, although effective, tend to produce symptomatic side effects that are difficult or unacceptable for patients. Some recent innovations in administering the centrally acting drugs appear to have addressed this problem. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of agents such as the transdermally administered clonidine or oral guanfacine appear to provide them with sustained efficacy without concomitant adverse effects. A further attribute of these drugs is their ability to decrease blood pressure without producing sodium retention. A growing awareness of the importance of treatment-induced metabolic effects has further served to reawaken interest in these agents. Specifically, they do not appear to produce alterations in glucose metabolism, and possibly may even have some slight beneficial effects on the blood lipid profile. Their ability to cause regression of left ventricular muscle hypertrophy, and possibly to enhance diastolic function, may add a further dimension of cardiovascular protection beyond their antihypertensive efficacy.
journal_name
J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Weber MAdoi
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03387.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-07-01 00:00:00pages
598-602issue
7eissn
0091-2700issn
1552-4604journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Enalapril maleate (MK-421) is a new non-sulfhydryl-containing converting-enzyme inhibitor that has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with essential hypertension. Data on its effectiveness and safety in patients with renovascular hypertension are limited and have involved predominantly short-ter...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/009127008702700105
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This double-blind, parallel-group study was performed at a single site in patients with moderate or severe pain after oral surgery to remove one or more impacted third molars. Patients recorded their pain intensity at baseline and were then assigned to receive a single dose of bromfenac sodium (25 mg or 50 mg), tramad...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04453.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A four-week comparison of protriptyline 10 mg three times a day and perphenazine 2 mg three times a day, alone and in combination, and a placebo in a group of nonpsychotic depressed outpatients showed no significant differences among any of the treatment groups after both two and four weeks, and a slight trend in favo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1975.tb02382.x
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) was built for citalopram using Simcyp-based absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion simulator. Various physicochemical properties of citalopram were obtained from the published literature. The in vitro-in vivo extrapolation method was used to predict cle...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1541
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapidly inflating health care costs limit patient care, and prescription drug costs constitute a major component of this expenditure. This study examines attitudes toward and knowledge of prescription drug costs of primary care physicians. Access to information about drug costs and implications for medical education a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04726.x
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of pomalidomide was developed and the influence of demographic and disease-related covariates on PPK parameters was assessed based on data from 6 clinical trials of pomalidomide (dose range, 0.5-10 mg) in healthy participants (n = 96) and patients with multiple myeloma (MM; n =...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.455
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of the 3 phase I studies described herein were (1) to compare the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin delivered from a novel gastric-retentive dosage form vs an immediate-release formulation, (2) to assess the dose proportionality of the gastric-retentive extended-release formulation, and (3) to determine th...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270010368411
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of codeine, codeine glucuronide, morphine, and morphine glucuronide were assessed after single- (60 mg) and multiple-dose (60 mg every six hours for nine doses) oral administration of codeine sulfate to six normal volunteers. Multiple blood and urine samples were collected after administration of ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1987.tb05601.x
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A vast and continuously growing amount of material on drugs exists in the literature to read and evaluate. Frequently, the papers and their recommendations are conflicting and contradictory. Readers are faced with the dilemma of deciding what to believe. The need for evidence-based medicine as a foundation for optimal...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) functions as a primary regulator in the short-term and long-term control of blood pressure. Pharmacologic inhibition of the RAS with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is effective for treating systemic hypertension and congestive heart failure. As a more specific therapy...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04000.x
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a candidate genetic locus for coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies investigating the relationship between the ACE-insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI) have been inconsistent. The authors hypothesized that age may be an important mod...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0091270010382420
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of food on the oral bioavailability of sustained-release morphine sulfate tablets (ORAMORPH SR; Roxane Laboratories, Inc., Columbus, OH; OSR) was examined in an open-label, randomized, two-period crossover study. Healthy male volunteers received a 30-mg OSR tablet orally every 12 hours for seven doses durin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03802.x
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the pharmacokinetics of single increasing intravenous doses (40-160 mg) and repeated doses (80 mg for 7 days) of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) in Japanese volunteers and to compare the pharmacokinetics of PC-SOD between Caucasians and Japanese. The Japanese study consisted of 2 parts: a single-do...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0091270007309705
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) or grapefruit juice (GFJ) on CYP3A activity was studied in vitro and in healthy human volunteers. In human liver microsomes, the mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) for PJ and GFJ versus CYP3A (triazolam alpha-hydroxylation) were 0.61% and 0.55%, (v/v) respectively, without...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270006298359
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After intravenous injection, sotalol follows a two-compartment distribution pattern. The processes of distribution and elimination are of first order; the intravenous biological half-life is 6 to 8 hours. The drug is mainly excreted by glomerular filtration via the kidney, and metabolites are not found. Of the pharmac...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1979.tb02517.x
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether methyldopa alters digoxin disposition, eight healthy subjects received methyldopa titrated to 250 mg t.i.d. or placebo in a double-blind, cross-over manner for 16 consecutive days, with 0.25 mg intravenous digoxin coadministered on day 5 and 0.25 mg oral digoxin on days 9 to 16. Digoxin concentr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02791.x
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The onset and offset of the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide was studied in nine patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Procainamide was given at a constant infusion rate of 0.27 +/- 0.05 mg/kg/min for 50 to 60 minutes to an average total dose of 15.5 +/- 4.4 mg/kg. The QRS interval (used as an index of ele...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1988.tb03118.x
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdialysis is a technique that allows the measurement of free antibiotic concentrations in different tissues, which are responsible for the antibacterial activity at the infection site. In an open, randomized, 2-way crossover study in healthy volunteers, the muscle penetration of orally administered cefpodoxime (40...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270004273679
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression signature of monocyte/macrophages and the pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on monocytes in atherosclerotic patients. Forty patients with coronary heart diseases were randomly assigned to double-blind therapy with either 20 or 80 mg per day of atorva...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270009340889
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of Zataria multiflora on clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and C-reactive protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients were evaluated. Forty-five patients were allocated to 3 groups: placebo group and 2 groups that received 3 and 6 mg/kg/day Z. multif...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1586
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations in breast milk of medications used during general anesthesia were measured to determine whether interruption of breast-feeding was indicated. Breast milk and maternal blood samples were obtained from nine women undergoing tubal sterilization under general anesthesia. Concentrations of methohexital, mepe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04780.x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are increasingly important in antihypertensive therapy because of their efficacy, tolerability, and specific benefits in subsets of patients. They are pharmacologically diverse. Whereas most benefits have been proven with older agents (captopril, enalopril), newer agents,...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04070.x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short-term effect of the blockade of the beta-adrenergic receptors on serum lipoproteins and the plasma activities of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of the serum lipoproteins: lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL) and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was evaluated in ten healthy normoli...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1987.tb03052.x
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nifedipine kinetics have not been described in clinically relevant detail because of difficulties in formulating a stable preparation for intravenous use and lack of a specific and sensitive assay for plasma nifedipine. We recently developed a gas-chromatographic method and determined conditions in which nifedipine co...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb02720.x
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclosporin G (CSG) has produced less nephrotoxicity than cyclosporin A (CSA) at equivalent doses in animal models. Conflicting results have been reported concerning differences in the pharmacokinetics of CSA and CSG in preclinical studies, and no data exist regarding the effect of steady-state oral administration of ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04339.x
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nilotinib, an oral inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of Abelson protein, is approved for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase and patients with CML in chronic phase or accelerated phase resistant or intolerant to prior therapies. This review describes t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jcph.1312
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the effects of intravitreal injection of fasudil (IVF), a Rho-kinase inhibitor, in cases of recent-onset nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). In this interventional case series, 13 eyes of 13 patients diagnosed with NAION within 14 days of onset were included. The affected eyes...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.655
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes has now reached epidemic proportions across the world and is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients with diabetes suffer from their mircovascular complications of retinopathy (blindness), nephropathy (renal failure, dialysis), and neuropathy (neropathic pain, trophic ulcers). Howeve...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0091270004263045
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 25 mg doxylamine succinate. Doxylamine concentrations in plasma were measured by a newly developed gas chromatographic methodology, utilizing direct alkaline extraction into hexane:isoamyl alcohol followed by concentration and autoinjection. Doxylamine kin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02875.x
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the pharmacokinetics of the CD19 receptor-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor B43-Genistein in 17 patients (4 children, 13 adults) with B-lineage lymphoid malignancies, including 12 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 5 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The immunoconjugat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00912709922012051
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00