Cardiovascular Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies.

abstract：:Antisense technology exploits oligonucleotide analogs to bind to target RNAs via Watson-Crick hybridization. Once bound, the antisense agent either disables or induces the degradation of the target RNA. Antisense agents can also alter splicing. During the past decade, much has been learned about the basic mechanisms o...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Crooke ST

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most ventricular tachycardias encountered in clinical practice occur in patients who have structural heart disease. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia refers to those arrhythmias that occur in patients without structural heart disease, metabolic/electrolyte abnormalities, or the long QT syndrome. Three commonly recogn...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Altemose GT,Buxton AE

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A viral reservoir is a cell type or anatomical site in association with which a replication-competent form of the virus accumulates and persists with more stable kinetic properties than the main pool of actively replicating virus. This article reviews several cell types and anatomical sites proposed as potential reser...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Blankson JN,Persaud D,Siliciano RF

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than three decades of clinical experience in cardiac transplantation resulted in the spread of the procedure worldwide with a wealth of knowledge and advancements. Developments included liberalization of recipient and donor selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, novel immunosuppressive drugs and protoc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Al-khaldi A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing concern regarding costs of care and health outcomes in the United States has led to widespread calls to address the issue of health care spending. Today, providers across the country are working both to improve the quality and to reduce the cost of health care. These activities span multiple care delivery sett...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gordon JE,Leiman JM,Deland EL,Pardes H

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an acute episode of overwhelming inflammation characterized by activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and hemophagocytic macrophages. In rheumatology, it occurs most frequently in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Th...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Schulert GS,Grom AA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding a tumor's detailed molecular profile has become increasingly necessary to deliver the standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Innovations in both tumor genomic sequencing technology and the development of drugs that target molecular alterations have fueled recent gains in genome-driven oncolo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tao JJ,Schram AM,Hyman DM

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The familial nature of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (FMEN) has been recognized for some time but little is known about their cause. Recent application of new molecular techniques has mapped FMEN syndromes to specific chromosomes and provided evidence for the mechanism through which neoplasia occurs. In this ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Nanes MS,Catherwood BD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a syndrome observed after allogeneic marrow transplantation and presumably mediated by donor T lymphocytes reactive against the tissues of the recipient. Clinically relevant acute GVHD develops in 35-50% of patients given HLA-identical marrow grafts within the first 100 days of tran...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Deeg HJ,Storb R

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of diverse clinical interventions that are practiced because of their popularity rather than the prior demonstration of safety and efficacy required for conventional agents. CAM therapies can be grouped into five categories: biologically based therapies, manipulati...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Berman JD,Straus SE

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of sensitive metabolic tests, such as the deoxyuridine suppression test and measurement of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, to cobalamin status has identified the entity of mild, preclinical cobalamin deficiency. This state, common in the elderly, responds to cobalamin therapy. Preclinical deficien...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Carmel R

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are best classified as typical or atypical. The distinction is based solely on their ability to cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The two classes differ in mechanism of action, with atypical APDs providing important modulation of serotonergic neurotr...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Meltzer HY

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Randomized trials have studied bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer to investigate their ability to prevent treatment-induced bone loss. Trial results have also suggested their potential to prevent disease recurrence and metastases. These trials are summarized in this review. A recent patient...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Strobl S,Korkmaz B,Devyatko Y,Schuetz M,Exner R,Dubsky PC,Jakesz R,Gnant M

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is perhaps the most significant public health problem facing the United States today. Obese patients are at increased risk for numerous medical problems, which can adversely affect surgical outcome. However, these risks have not uniformly translated into increased or prohibitive operative morbidity and mortali...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Flancbaum L,Choban PS

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overexpression and aberrant function of members of the erbB family of receptors, particularly erbB1 (also known as epidermal growth factor receptor), and its ligands in many human cancers have provided a rationale for targeting this signaling network with novel approaches. erbB1 is a selective target for inhibitin...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Rowinsky EK

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kawasaki Syndrome is a newly recognized clinical entity characterized by multisystem involvement. It has an acute onset and a triphasic clinical course. Although essentially a self-limited disease, permanent vascular damage, especially involving the coronary arteries, may result. Pathologically the disease is characte...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Melish ME

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endothelium is a physical barrier between the blood and vascular smooth muscle, a source of enzymes activating and deactivating cardiovascular hormones and a site of production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition, the endothelium is a source of growth inhibitors and promoters of vascular smooth muscle...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lüscher TF,Tanner FC,Tschudi MR,Noll G

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a well-established treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT has become a more readily available and useful new treatment option as a result of stool banks. The current state of knowledge indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in sev...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ooijevaar RE,Terveer EM,Verspaget HW,Kuijper EJ,Keller JJ

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of im...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kapadia CR,Donaldson RM Jr

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gallstones can now be treated nonsurgically as well as surgically. The current view is that only symptomatic gallstones should be treated; of these, only cholesterol gallstones can be treated nonsurgically. Cholesterol gallstones in a functioning gallbladder will dissolve slowly when the secretion of unsaturated bile ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hofmann AF

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infantile autism probably has many etiologies. Several specific genetic disorders appear to be associated with the syndrome much more often than would be expected by chance, but these account for only a minority of cases. In the majority of cases, where etiology is still unknown, genetic factors probably also play a r...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Folstein SE

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Airway hyperresponsiveness to a large number of stimuli is a characteristic of asthma in humans. Various components of the tracheobronchial tree might contribute to this characteristic, such as smooth muscle, the bronchial epithelium, various neurohumoral mechanisms, and the mechanical linkages between the lung parenc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ingram RH Jr

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurocysticercosis is now recognized as a common cause of neurologic disease in developing countries and the United States. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations vary with the site of infection and accompanying host response. Inactive infection should be treated symptomatically. Active parenchymal infection res...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： White AC Jr

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the practice of internal medicine, the value of genetic testing in common (mono)genetic diseases such as familial hemochromatosis, hypercholesterolemia, Mediterranean fever, and thrombophilia is limited. The genotype insufficiently predicts the phenotype because of the powerful effects of other modifying genes, env...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lamberts SW,Uitterlinden AG

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro coculture studies of normal T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, or monocytes with human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) suggest a potential role for immune cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In some patients with severe aplastic anemia or selective pure red cell, white cell, or megakaryocyte...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Mangan KF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a syndrome seen in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. It is characterized by chronic colonization of the airways with a ubiquitous fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. The clinical expression of ABPA results from the complex interaction of chronic colonization of the ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Cockrill BA,Hales CA

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common and systemic disease characterized by formation of focal cysts. Of the three potential causes of cysts, downstream obstruction, compositional changes in extracellular matrix, and proliferation of partially dedifferentiated cells, evidence strongly suppor...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Arnaout MA

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New discoveries are expanding our knowledge of mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. Some recent advances in our understanding of motoneuron death in familial ALS (fALS) and sporadic ALS (sALS) are reviewed, with emphasis on molecular similarities that may further unite these phenoty...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Smith RG,Appel SH

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Signs helpful in its diagnosis include presentation during late gestation in a nullipara with edema and proteinuria, and one or more of the following: he...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lindheimer MD,Katz AI

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective and reproducible intervention for increasing lifespan in a variety of animal species, including mammals. CR is also the most potent, broadly acting cancer-prevention regimen in experimental carcinogenesis models. Translation of the knowledge gained from CR research to hum...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hursting SD,Lavigne JA,Berrigan D,Perkins SN,Barrett JC

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00