Abstract:
PURPOSE:The linear nonthreshold (LNT) model has been used in radiation protection for over 40 years and has been hotly debated. It relies heavily on human epidemiology, with support from radiobiology. The scientific underpinnings include NCRP Report No. 136 ('Evaluation of the Linear-Nonthreshold Dose-Response Model for Ionizing Radiation'), UNSCEAR 2000, ICRP Publication 99 (2004) and the National Academies BEIR VII Report (2006). NCRP Scientific Committee 1-25 is reviewing recent epidemiologic studies focusing on dose-response models, including threshold, and the relevance to radiation protection. METHODS AND MATERIALS:Recent studies after the BEIR VII Report are being critically reviewed and include atomic-bomb survivors, Mayak workers, atomic veterans, populations on the Techa River, U.S. radiological technologists, the U.S. Million Person Study, international workers (INWORKS), Chernobyl cleanup workers, children given computerized tomography scans, and tuberculosis-fluoroscopy patients. Methodologic limitations, dose uncertainties and statistical approaches (and modeling assumptions) are being systematically evaluated. RESULTS:The review of studies continues and will be published as an NCRP commentary in 2017. Most studies reviewed to date are consistent with a straight-line dose response but there are a few exceptions. In the past, the scientific consensus process has worked in providing practical and prudent guidance. So pragmatic judgment is anticipated. The evaluations are ongoing and the extensive NCRP review process has just begun, so no decisions or recommendations are in stone. CONCLUSIONS:The march of science requires a constant assessment of emerging evidence to provide an optimum, though not necessarily perfect, approach to radiation protection. Alternatives to the LNT model may be forthcoming, e.g. an approach that couples the best epidemiology with biologically-based models of carcinogenesis, focusing on chronic (not acute) exposure circumstances. Currently for the practical purposes of radiation protection, the LNT hypothesis reigns supreme as the best of the rest, but new epidemiology and radiobiology might change these conclusions. Stay tuned!
journal_name
Int J Radiat Bioljournal_title
International journal of radiation biologyauthors
Boice JD Jrdoi
10.1080/09553002.2017.1328750subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
1079-1092issue
10eissn
0955-3002issn
1362-3095journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The aim was to investigate further the relationship between radiation-induced mitotic delay and the expression of chromosome damage in V79 cells. Recently published data on the time-course of chromosome aberrations in V79 first-cycle metaphases after exposure to 10.4 MeV u(-1) Ar ions (LET = 1226 keV microm(-1)) were ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000400027902
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The effect of boronophenylalanine (BPA)-mediated boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) xenografts in nude mice was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Tumor-bearing mice were given BPA at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight. The tumor (10)B concentration 2 h after an injectio...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000600570453
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the chromosomal radiosensitivity of C3H mouse acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines 7926 and 8709 and to investigate the mechanistic basis of the radiosensitivity observed in 7926. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Yields of chromosome aberrations following X-irradiation were determined in Giemsa-stained met...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000110075220
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analysed in lymphocytes from 12 control persons and 33 Chernobyl clean-up workers. The group of Chernobyl clean-up workers consisted of civilians who were forced to go to Chernobyl to clean up environmental contamination caused by Chernobyl disaster. On average, they received 0.1...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514550791
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective in the prophylaxis of radiation-induced renal and lung injury. Studies were designed to determine whether blocking the angiotensin II (AII) receptor, rather than blocking AII synthesis with ACE inhibitors, would also be effective. MATERIALS AND METHO...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530098142257
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The need to determine a reliable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value for alpha exposures has become important as reports remain controversial. Although a radiation-weighting factor of 20 has been designated for alpha particles, uncertainty exists on realistic value of the RBE of alpha radiation. The a...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2015.1047986
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To estimate gamma-ray doses received by Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors using electron spin resonance (ESR) of tooth enamel and to compare the results with cytogenetic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Tooth enamel ESR was performed for 100 teeth donated from 69 Hiroshima survivors, and conventional cytogenetic exam...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530098141870
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used a cell sorter assay to evaluate the efficacy of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole over 3-4 logs of cell inactivation, with particular attention to the clinically relevant low-dose survival region. Analysis of the radiation responses in a panel of six human tumour cell lines under conditions of hypoxia an...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096144617
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The space environment contains two major biologically significant influences; space radiations and microgravity. The 53 kDa tumour suppressor protein (p53) plays a role as a guardian of the genome through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. The aim of this study was to clarify the biologi...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553001003789596
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exposition of best practice in management and experimental use of human stem cell lines in radiobiological research. This paper outlines the key challenges to be addressed by radiobiologists wishing to use human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines in their research including human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.714518
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To summarize current knowledge regarding mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury and medical countermeasures available to reduce its severity. Advances in radiation delivery using megavoltage and intensity modulated radiation therapy have permitted delivery of higher doses of radiation to well-defined tumor...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09553002.2013.765055
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ruthenium-106 in citrate solution was administered intravenously to rat at different stages of pregnancy and to guinea-pig either before conception or in late pregnancy. The results for rat showed that retention in the embryo/foetus measured at 3-5 days after administration increased from about 0.0002% of injected act...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The main aim of the present study is to gain mechanistic insights into the modulating effect of molecular hydrogen on the γ-radiation-induced alteration pathways of DNA nucleobases. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Aerated aqueous solutions of calf thymus DNA were exposed to a (60)Co source at doses ranging from 0 to 55 ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2016.1206234
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a combination of three composite whole chromosome-specific DNA probes for human chromosomes 1, 4 and 12 was used to analyse in vitro radiation-induced dicentrics and symmetrical translocations in peripheral lymphocytes. Translocations could be rapidly and efficiently dete...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009214552621
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:5-Formyluracil (5-foU) is a major derivative of thymine produced in DNA by ionizing radiation and various chemical oxidants. It has been previously shown that 5-foU in template DNA directs misincorporation of nucleotides by DNA polymerases during in vitro DNA synthesis. The present experiments were designed to ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530001453113
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effects of gamma rays on the regeneration of hair follicles are carried over to later hair cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The whole bodies of C57BL/10JHir mice in the 1st telogen phase were irradiated with (60)Co γ-rays. Mice were examined for the effects o...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2015.1101647
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for the roles of proteins and metal ions in the microheterogeneity of DNA damage is reviewed. Decondensation of chromatin in hypotonic buffers markedly sensitizes the DNA to radiation, while treatment of nuclei with hypertonic buffers strips the DNA of histones and other nuclear proteins and enhances the radi...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553009414551561
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A key enzyme of polyamine catabolism, spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT), is responsive to antiproliferative agents. The role of SSAT in cellular responses to X-ray irradiation was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Exponentially growing HeLa S3 cells were irradiated by X-rays, and mRNA levels for ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000410001695886
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::High doses of rHIL-1 protected C3H/HeN mice against lethal radiation damage. The optimum time of radioprotection was found when this cytokine was administered at 4 h and at 20 h before irradiation. The dose reduction factors when the IL-1 was administered at those times were about 1.30. The radioprotection at the opti...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553008914551621
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the efficacy of a caffeine derivative 1-methylxanthine (1-MTX) in increasing radiosensitivity of cancer cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS:RKO human colorectal cancer cells carrying wild type protein 53 kDa (p53) were incubated with 3 mM 1-MTX for 30 min,...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000902741190
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Global warming directly influencing ozone layer depletion, which eventually is increasing ultraviolet radiation penetration having far-reaching impacts on living biota. This particularly influences the primary producer microalgae which are the basic unit of food webs in the aquatic habitats. Therefore, it is...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2021.1851060
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Base damages, sugar damages, and single-strand breaks produced by free radicals are the preponderant lesions produced in DNA by ionizing radiation. These lesions have been individually introduced into substrate, template, and biologically active DNA molecules and enzymatic processing and biological consequences determ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553009414551661
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A procedure based on a logistic regression model was used to estimate the dose-modifying effect of chemotherapy on the response of normal tissues to radiation. The magnitude of this modifying effect is usually expressed as a dose-effect factor (DEF). Values > 1.0 indicate an enhancing effect of chemotherapy while valu...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414550821
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Immune cells accumulate in and around cancers and cooperate with each other using specific cytokines to attack the cancer cells. The heavy-ion beams for cancer therapy may stimulate immune cells and affect on the immune system. However, it is still poorly understood how the immune cells are stimulated by ion-be...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.636138
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of heat (43-45 degrees C) on the induction and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) was studied in CHO cells after 60 Gy of X-rays using constant-field gel electrophoresis. Heat given prior to irradiation was found not to alter the number of dsb when measured immediately after irradiation. In non-he...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530097143392
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess health, growth and reproductive success of mammals exposed for multiple generations to levels of radium-226 known to occur in environments surrounding uranium mines and mills in Canada. METHODS:The study consisted of a control group and four treatment groups each containing 40 mice (20 males and 20 f...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2015.1028598
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:DNA damage is one of the main consequences of exposure to ionizing irradiation (IR). Recent studies indicate that IR can modulate the expression of immune system-related genes. However, the effects of IR on the expression of genes and pathways of the B7-CD28 superfamily remain poorly defined. The aim of this st...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2021.1857454
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation and repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) were determined by neutral filter elution on 20 primary cultures obtained from ovarian cancer and malignant melanoma clinical specimens. The initial frequency of DNA dsbs after exposure to 50 Gy gamma-irradiation varied greatly for the in...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414551211
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The increased bioactivity 'windows' of GSM 900 and 1800 MHz radiations, (Global System for Mobile telecommunications) revealed recently by us and published in this issue, manifesting themselves as a maximum decrease in the reproductive capacity of the insect Drosophila melanogaster, were examined to discover wh...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553000903567979
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant and radio-protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ) on radiation-induced oxidative stress in brain tissue.Materials and methods: Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups to test the radio-protective effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil a...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1683636
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00