Abstract：
:Pharmacologic interventions for cancer risk reduction involve the chronic administration of synthetic or natural agents to reduce or delay the occurrence of malignancy. Despite the strong evidence for a favorable risk-benefit ratio for a number of agents in several common malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer, the public's attitude toward cancer chemoprevention remains ambivalent, with the issue of toxicity associated with drugs being perceived as the main barrier to widespread use of preventive therapy by high-risk subjects. Among the strategies to overcome such obstacles to preventive therapies, two novel and potentially safer modes of administering agents are discussed in this paper. The first strategy is to lower the dose of drugs that are in common use in the adjuvant setting based on the notion that prevention of cancer cells from developing should require a lower dose than eradicating established tumor cells. A second approach is to adopt an intermittent administration similar to what is used in the chemotherapy setting in an attempt to minimize risks while retaining benefits. This article provides a detailed discussion of the principles and future development of these two approaches in the direction of a precision preventive medicine.
journal_name
Semin Oncoljournal_title
Seminars in oncologyauthors
Lazzeroni M,DeCensi Adoi
10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
116-122issue
1eissn
0093-7754issn
1532-8708pii
S0093-7754(15)00179-7journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Topotecan (Hycamtin; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) a new chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with advanced carcinoma of the ovary after failure of initial or subsequent therapy, is a specific, potent inhibitor of the enzyme topoisomerase I. Myelosuppression is the dose-limiting...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment for patients with unknown primary carcinoma, particularly those with unfavorable prognosis factors, has changed in the last decade, and continues to evolve. Empiric chemotherapy trials reported since 2000 with the newer drugs have improved the overall survival compared to retrospective historical data an...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2008.10.005
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue that has demonstrated activity against several solid tumors. A large phase II study has been performed in Europe and Canada with a total enrollment of 161 non-small cell lung cancer patients, 26 of whom were from the Institut Gustave-Roussy. Patient characteristics were the s...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with severe renal impairment or undergoing hemodialysis are usually excluded from clinical trials. Available data regarding safety and activity of systemic therapies (ST) in hemodialyzed patients are scarce. METHODS:Clinical data were searched through PubMed database until April 2020 according to P...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.05.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the updated results of an intensive treatment protocol for children (< 18 years) and adults (> or = 18 years) with advanced B-cell lymphomas. The protocol consists of two chemotherapy regimens: A, consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and high-dose methotrexate (CODOX-M), and B, consisting...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modulation of the signaling pathways that are aberrant in cancer cells has the potential to provide an effective nontoxic approach to patient management in a broad range of cancers. This quest has taken a major leap forward with the demonstration that STI-571 (imatinib mesylate) induces clinical and molecular remissio...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.011
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro uptake and retention of 3H-cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) was studied in 68 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients (ten were studied twice) treated with a regimen containing conventional (54 patients) or high doses (24) of ara-C. Drug uptake and retention after four hours were measured following 30 minutes e...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Navelbine (NVB) or 5' nor-anhydro-vinblastine was shown to present a broader antitumor activity and to induce fewer side effects than vinblastine (VBL) or vincristine (VCR). The possible mechanisms of these differences were analyzed with in vitro methods. At substoichiometric concentrations, the three drugs inhibit mi...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In studies conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, treatment with either paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) or carboplatin was associated with an improvement in 1-year survival in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on these findings, a phase II tr...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide variety of cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoma, and significant progress has been made in the past decade toward identifying potential therapeutic targets. However, apart from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and dermatofibrosarcoma protube...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.09.003
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phase I trials of the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cisplatin have demonstrated that the drug can be safely delivered by this route with a major increase in exposure (approximately tenfold to 15-fold) of the cavity to the cytotoxic agent compared with that of the systemic circulation. Phase I trials of IP cis...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its introduction, paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) has demonstrated significant antitumor activity in epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas originating in the esophagus. Paclitaxel is the most active single agent available to treat metastatic esophageal cancer. Combinations of ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical development of the recombinant alpha interferons has provided a prototype for the clinical development of biological compounds. With over 5,000 patients now treated with these compounds, some general principles have emerged that have wider implications for phase I-II strategies for testing other biologica...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) has been shown to be an effective agent in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. This multicenter randomized study compared paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 given as a 3-hour infusion every 3 weeks with mitomycin 12 mg/m2 given as an intravenous infusion ever...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rituximab shows high single-agent activity in both previously untreated and relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In combination with chemotherapy, rituximab has achieved response rates higher than 90% with long duration of remission in phase II studies. Therefore, randomized phase III studies have b...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi：10.1053/sonc.2003.50024
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from various phase I/II studies of carboplatin in combination with paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) have suggested that the degree of thrombocytopenia seen is less than that expected when carboplatin is given alone. However, some studies also have suggested that the area under the p...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As with many other aspects of health care delivery in the United States, the entrenchment of managed care practices has significantly affected the management of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Nurses continue to play a vital role in the delivery of health care in this venue, serving as the primary conduit betwe...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For patients whose breast cancers are not responsive to endocrine therapy, there are a large number of cytotoxic drugs that will induce a response. In spite of the introduction of new, very active drugs such as the taxanes, vinorelbine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab, the anthracyclines are still as active...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.09.018
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surgery is the major curative treatment modality for patients with malignant disease. However, surgery also plays an important role in supportive and palliative care of cancer patients. In settings in which maintaining quality of life rather than prolongation of survival is the major goal of treatment, the potential m...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this review is to demonstrate a successful use of preclinical models of bladder cancer to confirm the therapeutic potential of new promising drug candidates. The bladder has long been thought to be an ideal target for investigating therapies. When developing a new antineoplastic pharmaceutical agent, th...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.006
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An overview of the causes, the clinical pictures and the management of obstruction in three major organ systems due to primary and secondary malignant neoplasms has been presented. Such obstruction often produces dramatic clinical pictures that require careful, appropriate, and often aggressive therapy if patients are...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A trial of combination chemotherapy using mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide was started in 1983. Sixteen patients with widely metastatic cancer of the breast, including one man, received mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1, followed by cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/m2 by mouth (PO) daily in divid...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the associations of cancer with rheumatic diseases. Recent epidemiologic data linking the autoimmune connective tissue diseases with malignancy will be emphasized. Reports linking the occurrence of malignancy with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although bone and soft tissue sarcomas are not common, a significant number of patients who develop these tumors will die with metastatic disease. Part of the reason is that many of the patients have advanced disease at diagnosis. Identification of an etiologic agent should allow for diagnosis at an earlier stage. Thi...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in 16 patients with tumor thrombus of the portal vein trunk (Vp3) associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. The average (+/-SD) number of O rings used was 9.0 +/- 5.0 for the esophageal varices (n = 7) and 16.4 +/- 4.5 for the esophagogastric varices (n = 9...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy in the elderly. Randomized trials have demonstrated that adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy for CRC improves survival and quality of life. Unfortunately, there is a lack of evidence-based data about elderly patients to guide decisions regarding therapy. Clinical trials ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2008.08.004
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer clinical trials represent an important option for patients with a diagnosis of cancer and the clinician-investigators involved in their care who seek options for their disease. For all who are impacted by cancer, these studies offer opportunities for greater learning. Conducting these important studies involves...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.09.005
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer has historically been based on cisplatin-based combination regimens, the limitations of these regimens both in terms of efficacy and toxicity are now widely appreciated. In response to these limitations, other single agents have been studied, and a number have demonstr...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that African American men are more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer than White men. Racial variation in the use of prostate cancer early detection modalities (ie, digital rectal examination [DRE] and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] testing) has been suggested as a major reason fo...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with successfully treated upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) tumors commonly develop second primary tumors (SPTs). These tumors occur more often than chance would predict, arise in both the upper or lower aerodigestive tracts, are frequently preceded by leukoplakia, and are a major cause of treatment-related fa...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90048-x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
