Managing Necrosis of the Nipple Areolar Complex Following Reduction Mammaplasty and Mastopexy.

Abstract:

:The objectives of this article are to explain the mechanisms of injury that result in ischemia of the nipple areolar complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy, to offer recommendations about the management of this complication, and to illustrate reconstructive techniques that can be used to correct deformities arising from necrosis of the NAC. With these goals in mind, the article is divided into 3 sections: prevention of ischemia of the NAC, management of the ischemic nipple, and reconstruction after ischemic necrosis of the nipple and areola. Necrosis of all or part of the NAC is a devastating complication after breast surgery. However, with properly timed and well-executed reconstructive procedures, it is possible in most cases to restore a natural-appearing NAC.

journal_name

Clin Plast Surg

authors

Handel N,Yegiyants S

doi

10.1016/j.cps.2015.12.012

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-04-01 00:00:00

pages

415-23

issue

2

eissn

0094-1298

issn

1558-0504

pii

S0094-1298(15)00199-6

journal_volume

43

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Shaping the autologous breast.

    abstract::Autologous breast reconstruction has become increasingly popular in the past several years as more experience has been gained in the various techniques. Advantages to autologous reconstruction include improved shaping and symmetry, which also allow for a more natural reconstruction. The transverse rectus abdominis myo...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Chang BW

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • Emerging techniques in aesthetic plastic surgery.

    abstract::This article outlines the experience of authorities on emerging techniques in plastic surgery that are discussed within this issue, such as mesotherapy and lipodissolve, Russian threads, radiofrequency, and "laser lipo." Readers are invited to analyze the findings and determine whether there is something that could ap...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2008.11.004

    authors: Toledo LS

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • Distraction osteogenesis for the cleft lip and palate patient.

    abstract::Gradual maxillary distraction by modified osteotomies and external force systems is a procedure with minimal morbidity and few complications. The interaction between surgeons and orthodontists is critical, however. The wide range of possibilities for remodeling a hypoplastic maxilla by distraction allows the potential...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/S0094-1298(03)00126-3

    authors: Molina F

    更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00

  • Frontal sinus and supraorbital fractures from vehicle accidents.

    abstract::Fractures of the upper third of the face from vehicle accidents are relatively uncommon but can have serious associated injuries of the dura and frontal lobe when they do occur. The injury may result from the victim's face either striking the dashboard or bouncing violently off the lower broken edge of the penetrated ...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schultz RC

    更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00

  • Calf augmentation and correction of contour deformities.

    abstract::In general, augmentation of soft tissue has been a problem for plastic surgeons because of the body's protective mechanisms against foreign material, but silicone rubber implants are the author's choice of the materials currently available. The aesthetic considerations of the shape of the calf and techniques and compl...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Howard PS

    更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00

  • Functional anatomy of the lower limb.

    abstract::To understand the functional anatomy of the lower limb, one must apply one's knowledge of the gross anatomy to the gait cycle. Gait analysis then leads to a better understanding of the function and dysfunction seen in the lower limb. Data from biochemical studies help one appreciate the forces the major joints are sub...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: LaMont JG

    更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00

  • Human bites of the lip.

    abstract::Human bites of the lips are very common. If less than 10 mm in size, they are treated conservatively and if greater, are treated surgically. Many lip bites are treated immediately, when infection is present, surgery is performed a few days later. ...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Losken HW,Auchincloss JA

    更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00

  • Reshaping of the Broad and Bulbous Nasal Tip.

    abstract::This article presents a contemporary overview of tip suturing and tip structural grafting techniques used to refine the wide nasal tip. Previous reductive techniques have proved to produce unnatural results over time. It is imperative to correctly evaluate the nose and assess all possible pitfalls during the preoperat...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2015.09.013

    authors: Dhir K,Ghavami A

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Surgical considerations in managing the remaining breast during postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

    abstract::The age and general condition of the patient, size and shape of the remaining breast, various risk factors such as the histologic type of carcinoma, and family history are all critical in governing the definitive management of the remaining breast during postmastectomy breast reconstruction. The philosophy, timing, an...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Labandter HP,Dowden RV

    更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00

  • Straight-line closure: a preliminary to Millard closure in unilateral cleft lips (with a history of the straight-line closure, including the Mirault misunderstanding).

    abstract::We have completed 25 SLC-RAC sequences for complete unilateral clefts of the lip, using the straight-line closure as a preliminary step to facilitate the definitive closure, which is done about 6 months later. Fourteen of the straight-line closures were done on newborn children with local anesthesia, and the rest were...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Furnas DW

    更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00

  • Fat Grafting for Facial Rejuvenation Using Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel Injection.

    abstract::This study used stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel), a mechanically processed fat-derived product, to treat eye bag and tear trough deformity. SVF-gel is prepared by a process of centrifugation and intersyringe shifting and is particularly rich in SVF cells and native adipose extracellular matrix. SVF-gel injectio...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2019.09.001

    authors: Jiang S,Quan Y,Wang J,Cai J,Lu F

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Endoscopic forehead lift. Aesthetics and analysis.

    abstract::The endoscope already has revolutionized aesthetic forehead surgery by reducing the morbidity rate associated with the forehead lift operation. The ability to do the operation through a minimally invasive approach is predicated on the illumination and magnification that the endoscope provides. It is this same illumina...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Daniel RK,Tirkanits B

    更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00

  • Surgical treatment of acne scars.

    abstract::Dermatologists and their plastic surgical colleagues treating acne vulgaris and its sequelae have an effective arsenal of anti-acne preparations to inhibit and avoid many of the long-term, cosmetically deforming effects of severe inflammatory acne. It is incumbent upon the physician participating in the care of the ea...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Stal S,Hamilton S,Spira M

    更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00

  • Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative perforator mapping.

    abstract::Identifying the position, course, and caliber of the dominant perforator is extremely valuable in the preoperative study for perforator surgery. Besides reliability, the ideal technique should offer low cost and high availability and reproducibility. It should be fast, easy to interpret, and free of morbidity. Multide...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2011.03.004

    authors: Masia J,Navarro C,Clavero JA,Alomar X

    更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00

  • Histopathology of vascular anomalies.

    abstract::Over the past decade, many changes and updates have occurred in the world of vascular anomalies, including their histopathology. An appreciation has developed that a combined team approach is optimal in arriving at a correct diagnosis. Technical advances such as immunohistochemical stains for GLUT1, an excellent marke...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2010.08.007

    authors: Gupta A,Kozakewich H

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Strategies for the treatment of enophthalmos.

    abstract::The surgical correction of post-traumatic enophthalmos is among the most challenging problems for the surgeon. A thorough understanding of orbital anatomy and the purposed mechanisms of enophthalmos is crucial to the ultimate success or failure of the procedures. The successful orbital reconstruction begins with a car...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Grant MP,Iliff NT,Manson PN

    更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00

  • Japanese suction-assisted lipectomy.

    abstract::The author discusses implementation of suction-assisted lipectomy in Japan and describes his experience in coping with the complications of this procedure over the past four years. Included are patient selection, preoperative testing, operative procedure, as well as complications. ...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Shirakabe T

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00

  • Overview of Botulinum Toxins for Aesthetic Uses.

    abstract::Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) can be used for facial aesthetics. The 3 currently available BTA types include onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox; Botox Cosmetic, Allergan, Irvine, CA), abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport; Ipsen, Ltd, Berkshire, UK), and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin; Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt, Germany). The mechanis...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2016.03.003

    authors: Gart MS,Gutowski KA

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • Prefabricated and prelaminated flaps for head and neck reconstruction.

    abstract::Flap prefabrication and prelamination are evolving, new techniques that are useful in reconstructing complex defects of the head and neck. Flap prefabrication involves the introduction of a new blood supply by means of a vascular pedicle transfer into a volume of tissue. After a period of neovascularization, this volu...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Pribaz JJ,Fine NA

    更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00

  • Dysplastic and congenital nevi.

    abstract::The dysplastic nevus, both the sporadic and familial type, has a significant association with melanoma of the skin. The congenital nevus, which ranges in size from less than 1 cm to a giant hairy nevus, are treated primarily for aesthetic reasons and, in the giant variety, are also treated as a prophylaxis against the...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Casson P,Colen S

    更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00

  • Rigid fixation and osteotomy design in frontal orbital advancement osteotomies.

    abstract::The advantages rendered by corrective osteotomies that mobilize large segments of the craniofacial complex, including the forehead, orbits, and maxillae, exceed those of any partial correction in this particular region. This fact has been fully demonstrated in recent years by different authors. An inconvenience of ear...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Del Campo AF

    更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00

  • A critical viewpoint by a general surgeon toward reconstructive surgery after mastectomy.

    abstract::Reconstructive breast surgery is accompanied by hazards, both known and unknown, which may endanger the life of the patient. On the other hand, the benefits are largely a modest gesture toward the physical and emotional adjustment. It is the duty of the physician to present all aspects of the contemplated procedure an...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Lester LJ

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Secondary rhinoplasties for men.

    abstract::The result of secondary rhinoplasties in men must be absolutely natural. The dorsum, the tip's elevation, and the diverse angles that the nose forms with the rest of the face--that is, shape, dimension, and proportion--must be correct. Illustrative cases of the most frequent defects are presented along with ways to pr...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Juri J

    更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00

  • Burns in art.

    abstract::Burn care and burned people are probably the least likely candidates as subjects of fine art. To disprove this notion, three paintings are offered as examples of artistic treatment of an unlikely issue. ...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Romm S

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Imaging Studies for Preoperative Planning of Perforator Flaps: An Overview.

    abstract::The vascular anatomy of perforators varies between individuals; thus, accurate preoperative assessment of perforators is essential for safely planning perforator flaps. Perforator computed tomographic angiography (P-CTA) with multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) is one of the best available methods to precisel...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2016.09.004

    authors: Ono S,Hayashi H,Ohi H,Ogawa R

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Technical considerations in endoscopic brow lift.

    abstract::The authors discuss how, in performing an endoscopic brow lift, meticulous surgical technique, adherence to anatomic dissection planes, and direct visualization used at key points in the procedure enable a safer, more-complete dissection and a better outcome. Anatomy as it relates to the procedure is discussed. Patien...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2012.06.004

    authors: Terella AM,Wang TD

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Selective microvascular procedures in oculoplastic surgery.

    abstract::The aesthetic and functional reconstruction of the orbital and periorbital anatomy poses a complex challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Four clinical cases are illustrated regarding the restoration of contour, and coverage of vital structures following tumor resections. ...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Colen SR

    更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00

  • Dry eye syndrome and other tear film abnormalities.

    abstract::The goal of cosmetic blepharoplasty is to obtain an improvement in the appearance of the eyelids without causing functional or symptomatic alterations in the patients. Patients with undiagnosed problems in tear production who have cosmetic blepharoplasties are a common source of extremely dissatisfied patients with al...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Jelks GW,McCord CD Jr

    更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00

  • Complex Microsurgical Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Trunk and Extremities.

    abstract::Reconstruction of soft tissue defects following tumor ablation procedures in the trunk and extremities can challenge the microsurgeon. The goal is not just to provide adequate soft tissue coverage but also to restore form and function and minimize donor site morbidity. Although the principles of the reconstructive lad...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.cps.2020.06.007

    authors: Hussain ON,Sabbagh MD,Carlsen BT

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • Microdermabrasion in clinical practice.

    abstract::Microdermabrasion is the general term applied to the technique of abrading the skin with a high-pressure flow of crystals. Patient selection, equipment, and technique for face, hands, and chest are described. Results of a survey on the efficacy of the treatment are provided. ...

    journal_title:Clinics in plastic surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Bernard RW,Beran SJ,Rusin L

    更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00