Antimicrobial Use in Patients with Dementia: Current Concerns and Future Recommendations.

abstract：:A wide range of support is available to help smokers to quit and to aid attempts at harm reduction, including three first-line smoking cessation medications: nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion. Despite the efficacy of these, there is a continual need to diversify the range of medications so that t...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Beard E,Shahab L,Cummings DM,Michie S,West R

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease affects nearly 5 million Americans currently and, as a result of the baby boomer cohort, is predicted to affect 14 million Americans and 22 million persons totally worldwide in just a few decades. Alzheimer's disease is present in nearly half of individuals aged 85 years. The main symptom of Alzhei...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Butterfield DA,Pocernich CB

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pervasive and devastating nature of substance use disorders underlies the need for the continued development of novel pharmacotherapies. We now know that glia play a much greater role in neuronal processes than once believed.  The various types of glial cells (e.g., astrocytes, microglial, oligodendrocytes) partic...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Jones JD

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in those with schizophrenia is the largest lifespan disparity in the US and is growing; adults in the US with schizophrenia die, on average, 28 years earlier than those in the general population. The rate of smoking prevalence among individuals with schizophrenia is es...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Cather C,Pachas GN,Cieslak KM,Evins AE

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 gene are commonly found in human glioma, with the majority of low-grade gliomas harboring a recurrent point mutation (IDH1 R132H). Mutant IDH reveals an altered enzymatic activity leading to the synthesis of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which has been implicated in epigenetic m...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Karpel-Massler G,Nguyen TTT,Shang E,Siegelin MD

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disability, characterised by the loss of ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), is a defining feature of dementia that results in growing caregiver burden and the eventual need for alternative care or nursing home placement. Functional decline in patients with dementia can also result from causes other t...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Desai AK,Grossberg GT,Sheth DN

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tramadol-an atypical opioid analgesic-has a unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, with opioidergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic actions. Tramadol has long been used as a well-tolerated alternative to other drugs in moderate pain because of its opioidergic and monoaminergic activities. However, cumula...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Barakat A

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The use of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased dramatically in the past decade in some countries in Europe and North America. In response to a public debate in Israel, several Knesset members introduced a legislative initiative that aims to lim...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Fogelman Y,Vinker S,Guy N,Kahan E

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Valproate is a first-line antiepileptic agent and is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and migraine. It is a known human teratogen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the teratogenic risk of valproate. METHODS:All callers who contacted the Israeli Teratology Information Service (TIS) be...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Diav-Citrin O,Shechtman S,Bar-Oz B,Cantrell D,Arnon J,Ornoy A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a novel oral fumarate approved in the USA for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. DRF is converted to monomethyl fumarate, the pharmacologically active metabolite of dimethyl fumarate (DMF). DRF 462 mg and DMF 240 mg produce bioequivalent exposure of monomethyl fumarate and are...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Naismith RT,Wundes A,Ziemssen T,Jasinska E,Freedman MS,Lembo AJ,Selmaj K,Bidollari I,Chen H,Hanna J,Leigh-Pemberton R,Lopez-Bresnahan M,Lyons J,Miller C,Rezendes D,Wolinsky JS,EVOLVE-MS-2 Study Group.

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kynurenine pathway constitutes the main route of tryptophan degradation and generates the production of several neuroactive compounds; quinolinic acid is an excitotoxic NMDA receptor agonist, 3-hydroxykynurenine is a free-radical generator and kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antagonist at glutamate and nicotinic recep...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Erhardt S,Olsson SK,Engberg G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Both levetiracetam (LEV) and brivaracetam (BRV) eliminate the electroencephalogram photoparoxysmal response (PPR) in the human phase IIa photosensitivity model of epilepsy. The physiochemical properties of BRV differ from those of LEV, having higher potency and lipophilicity plus 10- to 15-fold greater aff...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Reed RC,Rosenfeld WE,Lippmann SM,Eijkemans RMJC,Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DGA

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Progress in finding a better alternative to alteplase has been slow. Tenecteplase and desmoteplase have better pharmacological profiles compared with alteplase, but definite clinical evidence of their superiority is lacking. The two major phase III studies that have tested the efficacy and safety of desmoteplase in is...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Logallo N,Kvistad CE,Nacu A,Thomassen L

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders. It involves the induction of a seizure for therapeutic purposes by the administration of a variable-frequency electrical stimulus via electrodes applied to the scalp. The original application of ECT in non-anaesthetised patients ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Wagner KJ,Möllenberg O,Rentrop M,Werner C,Kochs EF

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) are the most common adverse effects of long-term dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms underlying dyskinesia are still unclear. For a long time, nigrostriatal degeneration and pulsatile stimulation of striatal postsynaptic receptors have been h...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Schaeffer E,Pilotto A,Berg D

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylene blue is a long-established drug with complex pharmacology and multiple clinical indications. Its diverse mechanisms of action are most likely responsible for the large variety of its clinical effects. Of interest to psychiatrists, methylene blue has antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Alda M

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The introduction of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) over the past 2 decades generated considerable optimism that better antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were possible. SGAs offer several tolerability benefits over first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), particularly wit...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： De Hert M,Yu W,Detraux J,Sweers K,van Winkel R,Correll CU

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is growing epidemiological evidence that opioids may increase the risk of unintentional injuries and it is plausible that the time of initiation is most critical in that respect. Studies on fall-related injuries remain few, limited and mostly focused on specific groups of elderly patients. OBJECTIVE:T...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Söderberg KC,Laflamme L,Möller J

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of an intervention to slow or halt disease progression remains the greatest unmet therapeutic need in Parkinson's disease. Given the number of failures of various novel interventions in disease-modifying clinical trials in combination with the ever-increasing costs and lengthy processes for drug develo...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Athauda D,Foltynie T

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Statins possess neuroprotective effects. However, real-world evidence supporting their utility in post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) prevention is limited. OBJECTIVE:The association between statin use, including timing of prescribing (pre-stroke vs post-stroke), type (lipophilicity, intensity of therapy) and dose i...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Lin FJ,Lin HW,Ho YF

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cognitive impairment is prevalent and debilitating among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). While many pharmacologic treatments have shown good efficacy in reducing clinical relapses, brain lesions, and improving certain physical symptoms, their efficacy for improving cognitive function is not well unde...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Chen MH,Goverover Y,Genova HM,DeLuca J

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diclofenac potassium powder for oral solution (Voltfast(®), Catafast(®), Cambia(®); hereafter referred to as diclofenac potassium powder) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine. This article reviews the pharmacological properties of diclofenac potassium ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Garnock-Jones KP

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Atomoxetine is commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with a broad range of cognitive abilities. We examined the association between level of cognitive functioning as determined by IQ and clinical response during treatment with atomoxetine. METHODS:The records of ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Mazzone L,Reale L,Mannino V,Cocuzza M,Vitiello B

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:No head-to-head clinical trials have been published comparing guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX): two nonstimulants approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, other study designs or methods could be used to indirectly compare these two medicat...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Sikirica V,Findling RL,Signorovitch J,Erder MH,Dammerman R,Hodgkins P,Lu M,Xie J,Wu EQ

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New formulations of stimulant medications for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been an important focus for pharmaceutical industry research and development over the past decade. In this article, we review and assess the therapeutic potential of five new stimulant formulations (one ...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Connor DF,Steingard RJ

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Duloxetine (Cymbalta(R)) is a potent serotonin and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in the CNS. It is indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as well as other indications. In patients with GAD of at least moderate severity, oral duloxetine 60-120 mg once daily was effe...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Carter NJ,McCormack PL

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of news items and case reports describing complex behaviours (e.g. sleep driving, sleep cooking, sleep eating, sleep conversations, sleep sex) associated with the use of hypnosedative medications have recently received considerable attention. Regulatory agencies examining these reports have subsequently issue...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Dolder CR,Nelson MH

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of pediatric migraine remains an unmet medical need. There continues to be a paucity of pediatric randomized controlled trials for the treatment of migraine, both in the acute and preventive settings. Pediatric studies are often complicated by high placebo-response rates and much of our current practice is b...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Kacperski J,Hershey AD

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, affective disorders (such as depressed mood) were seen in a considerable number of HIV-1-infected individuals. These disorders were a result of the poor physical condition of the patients, brain involvement by the virus (e.g. encephalopathy) or a reaction to disadvantageous livin...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Arendt G

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinically relevant movement disorders are identified in 3% of patients with HIV infection seen at tertiary referral centres. In the same setting, prospective follow-up shows that 50% of patients with AIDS develop tremor, parkinsonism or other extrapyramidal features. Hemiballism-hemichorea and tremor are the most com...

journal_title：CNS drugs

authors： Cardoso F

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00