Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The buttocks are a key element of female beauty, with aesthetic gluteoplasty becoming one of the fastest growing plastic surgery procedures. However, there remains no clear standard for the ideal buttocks. The authors performed a population analysis of the characteristics of the ideal buttocks to guide surgical planning. METHODS:Images of buttocks were digitally altered to create buttocks of varying proportions on posterior and lateral views. Waist-to-hip ratios and varying vertical proportions were studied. Data were stratified and analyzed according to age range, gender, ethnicity, and nationality of the respondents. RESULTS:A total of 1146 responses were collected. Of 989 respondents who submitted their gluteal preferences, 482 respondents (48.7 percent) were women and 507 (51.3 percent) were men. Overall, the most attractive buttocks waist-to-hip ratio is 0.65 from the posterior view (44.2 percent of respondents). The next most attractive ratio was 0.60 (25 percent of respondents). Positioning of the lateral prominence at the inferior gluteal fold was rated by 26.3 percent of respondents as the most attractive. From the lateral view, the most attractive buttocks have a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.70 (29.8 percent of respondents), with the most prominent portion positioned at the midpoint of the buttocks (45.1 percent of respondents), which is a 50:50 vertical ratio. There were no significant differences in preferences between respondent ages, genders, or ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS:New ideal waist-to-hip ratios of 0.6 and 0.65 update the previous standards and indicate a more dramatic and "curvier" new ideal, signaling an important preference paradigm shift. The information derived from this study has the potential to guide gluteoplasty practices and techniques.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Wong WW,Motakef S,Lin Y,Gupta SCdoi
10.1097/PRS.0000000000002192subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-01 00:00:00pages
1739-1747issue
6eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242pii
00006534-201606000-00018journal_volume
137pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A surgical procedure is described for the definitive treatment of trochanteric decubitus ulcers. It combines the advantages of the bipedicle skin flap and the musculocutaneous flap; that is, a large area of skin is provided with a thick protective padding consisting of fat, fascia, and muscle richly vascularized by th...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198011000-00011
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians await the availability of synthetic bioimplants that will replace the need for autogeneic bone grafts in bone reconstructive surgery. For more than a decade, researchers have evaluated delivery vehicles for the tissue morphogen bone morphogenetic protein. The object of this investigation was to measure indu...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200002000-00023
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our understanding of breast shape and size changes after surgery is limited by a lack of measurement studies that evaluate and compare changes in breast dimensions after cosmetic breast procedures. This study was undertaken to remedy this deficiency. METHODS:Women undergoing primary vertical mastopexy, augm...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182865e20
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Free tissue transfer has not been fully adopted as the primary mode of treating foot and ankle defects in potentially indicated patients, partly because of the lack of sizable vessels and the potential in the long term of differential growth in the flap and the recipient site. Also lacking are long-term outc...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000219133.72059.71
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The omentum, nourished by the gastroepiploic vessels, has gained popularity as an option for vascularized lymph node transfer. The anatomy of the gastroepiploic vessels, omentum, and lymph nodes has not been investigated. The purpose of this article is to describe the right gastroepiploic artery and related ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004772
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six representative patients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were studied for craniofacial and oral anomalies, dental development, and long-term bodily growth patterns. The craniofacial features observed were reduction of total head size, increased head-body ratio, the existence of upper and middle craniofacial asymm...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199004000-00003
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 8 consecutive patients who had reduction mammaplasties to determine their psychological reactions. All 8 experienced pleasure with the operative results and the improvement or disappearance of their physical symptoms. Most described a general increase in self-esteem. In 5 of the 8 patients, however, there w...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indocyanine green angiography has gained popularity in breast reconstruction for its ability to assess mastectomy skin and tissue flap viability. The authors aim to analyze trends and outcomes associated with indocyanine green angiography use in breast reconstruction. METHODS:Using 2012 to 2014 data from th...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004195
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasospasm in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating catecholamine stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical vasospasm was induced by the intraarterial administration of norepinephrine to denervated rat hind limbs. Heel pad blood...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198502000-00016
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nasal deformity in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients increases with time, tongue malposition being one of the causes. Some authors have emphasized the role of nasal and adjacent facial musculature as active extrinsic agents. Another cause of alar deformity can be the lack of a proper foundation because of a max...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199909030-00002
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal mattress sutures have previously been shown to remove unwanted bulbosity and convexity of nasal tip cartilages. The purpose of this study was to extend that concept by investigating the universal applicability of the horizontal mattress suture to change and control the curvature (e.g., convexity or concavit...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000150146.04465.81
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study evaluates the possibility of enhancing the beneficial effect of the delay procedure by using hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the possibility of lessening the time required for maximal effect of delay procedure. METHODS:Eight male Wistar rats were used in each of 10 groups. The surgical delay metho...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000244829.68008.21
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An experimental animal study was undertaken to evaluate the potential use of HTR polymer as a craniomaxillofacial reconstructive material. Its properties of marked hydrophilicity, a negative surface charge, and extensive porosity combined with a calcium graft coating suggested favorable osteoconductive properties. Fou...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199012000-00006
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Soft-tissue reconstruction following vulvar cancer resection is a difficult challenge because of the functional, locational, and cosmetic importance of this region. Although numerous flaps have been designed for vulvar reconstruction, each has its disadvantages. METHODS:The authors introduce the gluteal fol...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000227683.47836.28
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimal management of sternal wound complications remains controversial. Since 1985, we have utilized a combination of immediate, aggressive debridement with simultaneous repair using bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flaps, regardless of the degree of infection. As compared with the use of dista...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199406000-00016
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review 97 cases of SMCP, 79 of which were operated. The comparative results are presented. For those requiring surgery (i.e. those having hypernasality), it has been our experience that the use of a pharyngeal flap, alone or combined with a palatoplasty, is productive of better speech results than is a palatoplasty...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197607000-00010
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten adult cadavers were used to accurately detail the vascular anatomy of posterior thigh skin. Fourteen posterior thigh specimens were dissected after blue latex injection of the internal and external iliac arteries. Six posterior thigh specimens underwent selective dye injection of individual profunda perforating ar...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199506000-00014
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Wound complications after perineal and groin obliterative procedures are a significant cause of morbidity, particularly following chemoradiation therapy. Vertical and, increasingly, oblique rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps have been used to fill potential dead space and bring healthy, vascularized tissue ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000324
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scar tissue, obtained from humans, was stained for elastin fibers by a new staining method. Elastin fibers were noted at sites where they must have been formed de novo. The morphology and the distribution of elastin in various types of scars are described. Practically no elastin was found in keloids. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197603000-00005
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous modifications have been successfully applied in microtia reconstruction over the past several decades, and lobular transposition has become a routine technique in a two-stage operation. However, it is still a demanding challenge to manipulate the remnant ear with various quantities or positions in l...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004610
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a case of congenital popliteal pterygium in conjunction with other specific congenital malformations. This syndrome has been called the quadruple syndrome. The literature is reviewed. A rationale for more aggressive treatment of this deformity is discussed. One child who has undergone major multiple nerve ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197509000-00020
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women are less likely to reach top-level leadership positions, and more likely to leave academic positions, than men, and are likely to earn less money than men. Women are also less likely to initiate a negotiation-a process that is crucial for professional advancement. This reluctance to ask hinders their advancement...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000003063
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify the environmental factors that contribute to facial aging in identical twins. METHODS:During the Twins Day Festival in Twinsburg, Ohio, 186 pairs of identical twins completed a comprehensive questionnaire, and digital images were obtained. A panel reviewed the image...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31819c4d42
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three methods of obtaining digital photographs in a clinical setting were compared using direct anthropometry as a reference standard. The methods included a digital camera, scanning negatives from a 35-mm single-lens reflex camera, and scanning Polaroid photographs taken with a Polaroid camera designed for medical do...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199906000-00002
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment of keloid scars poses a significant challenge. Assessment of treatment response and research in this area depend on the availability of objective, accurate, and reproducible outcome measures. At present, scars are assessed using subjective grading systems, or with cumbersome investigations such as ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000252505.52821.76
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the advent of big data and database-driven research, the need for reproducible methods has become especially relevant. Given the rise of evidence-based practice, it is crucial to ensure that findings making use of big data can be consistently replicated by other physician-scientists. A call for transparency and r...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005784
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adjuvant radiation therapy for locally advanced breast cancer decreases local recurrence and improves survival. Immediate autologous breast reconstruction before postmastectomy irradiation is highly controversial. However, it is presently unknown whether there exist differences in the durability of various a...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182729d33
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Displaced subcondylar fractures of the mandible are difficult to treat. Open reduction with internal fixation carries significant risks including devascularization of the condylar segment, facial nerve injury, and scarring. Closed treatment with mandibular-maxillary fixation alone accepts a misaligned fractu...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000178047.97112.fa
更新日期:2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The loss of the blink reflex and the ability to close the eye actively are disabling functional and aesthetic impairments common to patients with facial paralysis. Nonphysiologic (static) management techniques involve implantation of devices in the upper eyelid that mechanically aid eye closure. The most pop...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000299919.18076.b4
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast augmentation techniques using the submuscular and subglandular planes to introduce the implant are well known and widely used procedures. The authors have been using the subfascial dissection plane, a new concept for breast augmentation. From October of 1998 to September of 2001, 263 patients underwent breast a...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000041601.59651.15
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00