Abstract:
PURPOSE:This review is a contribution to the memory of Dr William (Bill) Morgan and highlights an area of research and deliberation that he considered extremely important in support of the setting of protective radiation dose limits. Biological research has generally played a minor role in the estimation of adverse health outcomes following exposure to low doses and low dose rates of radiation. The reliance has been on the available, quite extensive data base of epidemiology studies. The major concern is that such studies are for moderate to high doses requiring risk extrapolation methodologies for estimating low dose effects. There are significant uncertainties associated with this approach. This review will discuss how radiation biology studies can potentially reduce this uncertainty through the use of a key events/adverse outcome pathways approach to identify bioindicators of cancer and non-cancer effects for use as parameters in biologically-based dose-response (BBDR) models. Such models would allow for an improved extrapolation approach for estimating health effects at low doses and low dose rates of radiation. CONCLUSION:Based on reported and ongoing studies for environmental chemicals, the adverse outcome/key events approach is a viable one for enhanced risk assessment (and risk management practice). The identification of informative bioindicators of adverse health effects will be a challenge but with modern molecular and advanced computational techniques, it is certainly feasible. This approach provides a framework for defining a low dose radiation research program; something that was of great importance to Bill Morgan.
journal_name
Int J Radiat Bioljournal_title
International journal of radiation biologyauthors
Preston RJdoi
10.1080/09553002.2017.1290848subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
1009-1014issue
10eissn
0955-3002issn
1362-3095journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta 1) plays a central role in wound healing, so its perturbation by radiation may contribute to the acute and late effects seen in irradiated skin. TGF beta 1 mRNA expression was measured by PCR, in the skin of the CD1 and CBA mouse, exposed to Sr-90 beta from an 11-mm diameter s...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514551231
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To study the response of neuronal-like cells to an applied static or low-frequency magnetic field. Materials and methods: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was used to investigate the overall behavior of SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells exposed to a static or 50 Hz magnetic fields at intensities up to...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2019.1571256
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial infection of simple wounds was studied directly and quantitatively in adult mice given 6.5 Gy 60Co. Three days later, when neutropenia was evident, the skin and the medial gluteus muscle of anaesthetized mice were incised. A suspension of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Stre...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009014551671
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a possible correlation between exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and cancer. However, this correlation has yet to be definitively confirmed by epidemiological studies. The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of 60 Hz ma...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.652724
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Radiotherapy of cancer carries a perceived risk of inducing secondary cancer and other damage due to dose delivered to normal tissue. While expectedly small, this risk must be carefully analysed for all modalities. Especially in the use of exotic particles like pions and antiprotons, which annihilate and produc...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553000903242081
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective in the prophylaxis of radiation-induced renal and lung injury. Studies were designed to determine whether blocking the angiotensin II (AII) receptor, rather than blocking AII synthesis with ACE inhibitors, would also be effective. MATERIALS AND METHO...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530098142257
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the role that alveolar macrophages (PAM) play in the pulmonary clearance of inhaled particles via mechanical transport and dissolution, understanding the uptake and dissolution of particles by these cells might provide insight into the mechanisms of particle dissolution in lungs of various species and hence...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009214551861
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electron transfer to 5-bromouracil (5-BrU) from nucleobase (N) electron adducts (and their protonated forms) has been studied by product analysis and pulse radiolysis. When an electron is transferred to 5-BrU, the ensuing 5-BrU radical anion rapidly loses a bromide ion; the uracilyl radical thus formed reacts with add...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009214552451
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Melanoma is mainly treated by surgery and rarely with radiation because of the high radioresistance of this tumor. Nevertheless, radiotherapy is the preferred treatment modality for unresectable lesions and avoiding cosmetic disfigurement caused by surgical excision. This study investigated the therapeutic adva...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2017.1276309
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose To study the effect of microwave (MW) irradiation and consistent action of microwaves and static magnetic field (MF) on the giant chromosomes endoreduplication in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. Materials and methods Experiments were carried out on inbred wild type Canton-S strain. Exposure to microwaves (freque...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2016.1137105
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two novel nitroimidazole-carboranes were examined for their uptake and retention in two experimental murine solid tumours and in some normal tissues, using in vivo 11B magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The compounds were injected i.p. at 0.8mmol/kg into mice bearing either the SCCVII/Ha squamous cell carcinoma or KHT s...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096144798
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine whether a simulated mobile telephone transmission at 915 MHz has an effect on cognitive function in man. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty-six subjects in two groups were each given two training sessions and then three test sessions in a randomized three-way cross-over design. About 1 W mean power at 915...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/095530099140375
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Base damages, sugar damages, and single-strand breaks produced by free radicals are the preponderant lesions produced in DNA by ionizing radiation. These lesions have been individually introduced into substrate, template, and biologically active DNA molecules and enzymatic processing and biological consequences determ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553009414551661
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic analysis was performed on 72 Italian A-T families ascertained through 91 probands. The frequency of the A-T gene was estimated through Dahlberg's formula, which uses the frequencies of first cousin marriages among the patients' parents and in the general population were obtained from the collection of Catholic...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA neutral (pH 9.6) filter elution was used to measure radiation-induced DNA double-strand break (dsb) frequencies in eight human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with radiosensitivities (D0) ranging from 1.07 to 2.66 Gy and D values ranging from 1.46 to 4.08 Gy. The elution profiles of unirradiated samples from mo...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009114551211
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Up to 90% of hereditary breast cancer cases are linked to germ-line mutations in one of the two copies of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Brca1 and Brca2 proteins are both involved in the cellular defence against DNA damage, although the precise function of the proteins is still not known. Some studies on a small num...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000110097974
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The relationship between cellular telephone use and excretion of the melatonin metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS) was evaluated in two populations of male electric utility workers (Study 1, n=149; Study 2, n=77). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Participants collected urine samples and recorded cellular telep...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000210166561
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An iodinated DNA ligand, iodo Hoechst 33258, which binds in the minor groove of DNA, enhances DNA strand breakage and cell killing by UV-A irradiation. The sites of UV-induced strand breaks reflect the known sequence specificity of the ligand. ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009014551061
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental data for acute radiation-induced skin reactions are reviewed. These show that for dose fractionation schedules with gaps, repopulation is initiated after a lag period. After this lag period, the isoeffective dose for a given level of skin reaction first increases rapidly, but then slows. The timing of the...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553000310001600907
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tikvah Alper's interest in science was broad, from scrapie to mammalian cells and cancer. Much of her own work focused on cell lethality, like that of many other radiobiologists, but this was natural because of the simplicity of the endpoint cell survival and its relevance to cancer therapy. Tikvah had broader interes...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530097143662
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess intestinal radioprotection by systemic or lumenal tirilazad mesylate and to test potential tumour radioprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Segments of the mid small bowel were surgically exteriorized. Tirilazad was given either intravenously or intralumenally 30 min prior to 11 Gy of X-irradiation to t...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530098142617
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During previous studies on the relationship between thermosensitivity and intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in mammalian cells, we observed that the thermoresistant TR-4 cells appeared to be resistant to manipulations of the Na+/H+ antiport, one of the two primary membrane regulators of pHi. We hypothesized that this ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096144969
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The space environment contains two major biologically significant influences; space radiations and microgravity. The 53 kDa tumour suppressor protein (p53) plays a role as a guardian of the genome through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. The aim of this study was to clarify the biologi...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553001003789596
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of studies to investigate activation energies and thermal enhancements of various chemotherapeutic agents the effect of 5-fluoruracil (5FU), an antimetabolite, on murine tumour cells was studied at elevated temperatures. Animal tumours were early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous fibrosarcoma, FSa...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009114550211
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoperative irradiation (IORT) is used to enhance local tumour control by using large, single doses while removing critical structures from the treatment field. Peripheral nerve remains a dose-limiting normal tissue that often cannot be removed from the field. To assess ultrastructural changes in canine sciatic ner...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514550941
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Since the number of cancer patients treated by proton irradiation has increased in the last few years, it seems appropriate to study dose-dependent effects of proton irradiation on mammalian tissues in more detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Tissue samples of normal skin of mouse and swine, of a human tumour model ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000412331283515
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison has been made of the in vitro light-activated drug cytotoxicities of two different porphyrin compounds, Photofrin II and TPPS4. An early passage human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, WiDr, has been exposed to either drug for 24 h, the excess drug washed from the cells and the cells irradiated with light u...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553008814552061
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim was to evaluate the utility of multiple blood-protein biomarkers for early-response assessment of radiation exposure using a murine radiation model system. MATERIAL AND METHODS:BALB/c male mice (8-10 weeks old) were exposed to whole-body 60Co gamma-rays (10 cGy min(-1)) over a broad dose range (0-7 Gy)...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behaviour of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in the small intestine was studied in rats exposed to a single whole-body dose of 3 Gy administered at four different times of the day. Polyamine content decreased a few hours after irradiation but quickly returned to normal values. Putrescine levels re...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553008914551191
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:When Iodine-125 decays within chromatin, several in vivo experiments have shown that the radiobiological effects are caused mainly by indirect mechanisms and that more than one DNA double strand break (DSB) is produced per decay. We present calculations to evaluate the contribution of direct and indirect effect...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000400017622
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00