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Everyman's prostate phantom: kiwi-fruit substitute for human prostates at magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVES:To apply an easy-to-assemble phantom substitute for human prostates in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS:Kiwi fruit were fixed with gel hot and cold compress packs on two plastic nursery pots, separated by a plastic plate, and submerged in tap water inside a 1-L open-spout plastic watering can for T2WI (TR/TE 7500/101 ms), DWI (5500/61 ms, ADC b50-800 s/mm2 map) and MRS (940/145 ms) at 3.0 T, with phased array surface coils. One green kiwi fruit was additionally examined with an endorectal coil. Retrospective comparison with benign peripheral zone (PZ) and transitional zone (TZ) of prostate (n = 5), Gleason 6-7a prostate cancer (n = 8) and Gleason 7b-9 prostate cancer (n = 7) validated the phantom. RESULTS:Mean contrast between central placenta (CP) and outer pericarp (OP, 0.346-0.349) or peripheral placenta (PP, 0.364-0.393) of kiwi fruit was similar to Gleason 7b-9 prostate cancer and PZ (0.308) in T2WI. ADC values of OP and PP (1.27 ± 0.07-1.37 ± 0.08 mm2/s × 10-3) resembled PZ and TZ (1.39 ± 0.17-1.60 ± 0.24 mm2/s × 10-3), while CP (0.91 ± 0.14-0.99 ± 0.10 mm2/s × 10-3) resembled Gleason 7b-9 prostate cancer (1.00 ± 0.25 mm2/s × 10-3). MR spectra showed peaks of citrate and myo-inositol in kiwi fruit, and citrate and "choline+creatine" in prostates. The phantom worked with an endorectal coil, too. CONCLUSIONS:The kiwi fruit phantom reproducibly showed zones similar to PZ, TZ and cancer in human prostates in T2WI and DWI and two metabolite peaks in MRS and appears suitable to compare different MR protocols, coil systems and scanners. KEY POINTS:• Kiwi fruit appear suitable as phantoms for human prostate in MR examinations. • Kiwi fruit show zonal anatomy like human prostates in T2-weighted MRI and DWI. • MR spectroscopy reliably shows peaks in kiwi fruit (citrate/inositol) and human prostates (citrate/choline+creatine). • The kiwi fruit phantom works both with and without an endorectal coil. • EU regulation No. 543/2011 specifies physical and biochemical properties of kiwi fruit.

journal_name

Eur Radiol

journal_title

European radiology

authors

Mueller-Lisse UG,Murer S,Mueller-Lisse UL,Kuhn M,Scheidler J,Scherr M

doi

10.1007/s00330-016-4706-7

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-08-01 00:00:00

pages

3362-3371

issue

eissn

0938-7994

issn

1432-1084

pii

10.1007/s00330-016-4706-7

journal_volume

pub_type

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Everyman's prostate phantom: kiwi-fruit substitute for human prostates at magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.