Systemic GM-CSF Recruits Effector T Cells into the Tumor Microenvironment in Localized Prostate Cancer.

Abstract:

:Granulocytic-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is used as an adjuvant in cancer vaccine trials and has the potential to enhance antitumor efficacy with immunotherapy; however, its immunologic effects are not fully understood. Here, we report results from a phase I study of neoadjuvant GM-CSF in patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. Patients received subcutaneous injections of GM-CSF (250 μg/m2/day) daily for 2 weeks (cohort 1; n = 6), 3 weeks (cohort 2; n = 6), or 4 weeks (cohort 3; n = 6). Treatment was well tolerated with all grade 1 or 2 adverse events. Two patients had a decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of more than 50%. GM-CSF treatment increased the numbers of circulating mature myeloid dendritic cells, proliferating conventional CD4 T cells, proliferating CD8 T cells, and to a lesser magnitude FoxP3+ regulatory CD4 T cells. Although GM-CSF treatment did not augment antigen-presenting cell localization to the prostate, treatment was associated with recruitment of CD8+ T cells to the tumor. These results suggest that systemic GM-CSF can modulate T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 948-58. ©2016 AACR.

journal_name

Cancer Immunol Res

authors

Wei XX,Chan S,Kwek S,Lewis J,Dao V,Zhang L,Cooperberg MR,Ryan CJ,Lin AM,Friedlander TW,Rini B,Kane C,Simko JP,Carroll PR,Small EJ,Fong L

doi

10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0042

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-11-01 00:00:00

pages

948-958

issue

11

eissn

2326-6066

issn

2326-6074

pii

2326-6066.CIR-16-0042

journal_volume

4

pub_type

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