Abstract：
:Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective strategy to prevent invasive ventilation, failure rates are high and many babies require endotracheal intubation. Prolonged exposure to mechanical ventilation is linked with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other morbidities. Different techniques of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) have been proposed as an alternative to CPAP. Bilevel NIPPV and conventional mechanical ventilator-driven NIPPV are used in clinical practice. Both methods differ substantially in pressures and cycling times, potentially affecting their mechanism of action. This review focuses on noninvasive ventilation strategies, their physiologic effects, impact on clinical outcome parameters, and effects of synchronization.
journal_name
Clin Perinatoljournal_title
Clinics in perinatologyauthors
Waitz M,Mense L,Kirpalani H,Lemyre Bdoi
10.1016/j.clp.2016.07.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
799-816issue
4eissn
0095-5108issn
1557-9840pii
S0095-5108(16)30072-0journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Every diagnostic test causes additional cost if not additional risk. The cost and risk are justified if the test result is likely to change what is done for patients. This includes a diagnostic test that does not alter therapy but provides important prognostic information for the parents. Whether the test result chang...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00022-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulse oximetry, a noninvasive technique of measuring oxygen saturation continuously, is being used increasingly in the intensive care setting. This article provides information regarding physiologic basis and practical aspects of clinical usage of pulse oximetry in the neonate, both in medical and surgical units. ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The management of PPHN entered a new era with the development of inhaled NO therapy for the relief of pulmonary hypertension. The wider application of INO therapy and improved ventilation strategies led to a decrease in the need for invasive life-sustaining therapies such as ECMO. The remarkable advances in the unders...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fetal environment is thus well suited for normal growth and development with oxygen availability exceeding oxidative needs. With impairments in blood gas exchange this excess oxygen acts as a "margin of safety," providing for the maintenance of oxidative metabolism through increases in fractional O2 extraction, al...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal Cushing syndrome (CS) is most commonly caused by exogenous administration of glucocorticoids and rarely by endogenous hypercortisolemia. CS owing to adrenal lesions is the most common cause of endogenous CS in neonates and infants, and adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) represent most cases. Many ACTs develop in th...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is considered physiologic and is a normal process; whereas, when aerodigestive consequences are associated, it is often interpreted as GER disease (GERD). However, the distinction between them remains a challenge in infants in the NICU. Reflux-type of symptoms are heterogeneous, and often...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2020.02.004
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the early history of the "boarder baby" phenomenon through the late 1980s and early 1990s. The characteristics of the recent "boarder baby" population and of the problem are described with particular emphasis on the role of alcohol and drug abuse and the historical lack of coordination between h...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using the pregnant woman as a means to medicate her fetus represents a new and exciting therapeutic approach in clinical pharmacology. In years to come, we will see an increase in the use of the currently accepted fetal therapies and an increase in the number of therapies available to the caregiver or clinician aimed ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human milk provided by healthy and well-nourished mothers is believed to cover the infant's nutrient requirements during the first half year of life. It is composed of a mixture of nutritive components as well as other bioactive factors with relevant physiologic effects in the neonate infant. Human milk composition ha...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Healthy People 2000 objectives for breastfeeding were to move the breastfeeding initiation rate to 75% from 54% and the breastfeeding continuation rate to 50% at age 6 months from the 1988 baseline of 21%. The 1996 data indicated that the goal will not be met either for initiation or duration in spite of governmen...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scientific study of prenatal drug exposure and child outcome began a period of substantial growth in the 1970s with a focus on exposure to opiates. By the mid-1980s, attention shifted to cocaine. Most of this research has involved cohort studies in which groups of children are followed up longitudinally from birth. Si...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The LBW infant with congenital heart defects is likely to be at a higher risk for postoperative death and complications than their normal-sized counterparts because of the effects of prematurity and other organ system dysfunction. Current experience, however, does not suggest that waiting to obtain an arbitrary weight...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70078-6
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past 15 years has seen the resurgence of an interest in biomedical ethics and an awareness of the importance of teaching this discipline in medical curricula at varying levels. Physicians and philosophers can work together to achieve an integration of clinical case material and philosophical theory, in order to te...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phenomenal developments in molecular genetics and technological refinements which have occurred over the past decade are revolutionizing the area of prenatal genetics. State-of-the-art care commences with comprehensive preconceptional counseling. Prenatal diagnosis is now feasible from the moment of conception onw...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The newborn infant's skin is not a complete barrier to the absorption of externally applied agents, particularly if it is damaged, diseased, or immature. Immaturity is the most important factor that determines percutaneous absorption. Very immature infants in the early neonatal period have a poorly developed epidermis...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens are of increasing concern in the neonatal intensive care unit population. A myriad of resistance mechanisms exist in microorganisms, and management can be complex because broad-spectrum antibiotics are increasingly needed. Control and prevention of antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2010.06.004
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) occurs in 20% to 25% of very low birthweight preterm neonates and may be associated with significant sequelae. Infants who have IVH are at risk for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and periventricular leukomalacia; as many as 75% of those who have parenchymal involvement of hemorrhage su...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2008.07.014
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial disorders present in a myriad of ways, which causes them to be included in the differential diagnosis for many patients with undiagnosed disease. A subset of mitochondrial disorders are caused by intrinsic defects in the mitochondrial replication machinery, leading to loss of cellular mitochondrial conte...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2019.10.008
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemoglobinopathies are frequently occurring disorders for which prenatal diagnosis is possible. Couples in which one parent has microcytic hypochromic red blood cells; is of Southeast Asian, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Indian, or African origin; or had one previous child with a known hemoglobinopathy or a previous ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is reactivated in the lactating breast in up to 96% of CMV seropositive mothers. There is a relevant entity of postnatally acquired symptomatic CMV infection and disease of preterm infants through raw breast milk (BM). Actual data support negative influence on long-term cognitive development. Con...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.012
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periviable birth carries a high risk of fetal and newborn death, and the potential for life-long complications in survivors. The family at risk for periviable birth should receive objective, accurate, and up to date information regarding fetal, newborn, and maternal risks and outcomes with delivery or with continued p...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2017.02.002
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth anomaly. Absence or presence of liver herniation and determination of lung-to-head ratio are the most accurate predictors of prognosis for fetuses with CDH. Though open fetal CDH repair has been abandoned, fetal endoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion promotes lung...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2012.04.005
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Babies of extremely low birthweight and elderly adults both require expensive and scarce resources, and both have a relatively poor prognosis for survival if they require intensive care. Thus, proposals for rationing often target one or both of these groups. We suspected that although mortality rates might be higher i...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There were approximately 2 million deaths worldwide from tuberculosis in 1997, 98% of them in developing countries. Factors implicated in the resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States in the late 80s and early 90s included increased immigration from countries with high prevalence, HIV infection, emergence of res...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.010
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The care of extremely premature infants involves a number of complex clinical and ethical issues. The ethical and scientific quality of decisions made in the care of these infants has profound long-term consequences for these infants and their families. In circumstances when it is unclear whether intensive care should...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00028-9
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inherited organic acidemias are a group of metabolic disorders currently being described and investigated as gas-liquid chromatography is applied to unexplained diseases of infancy and childhood. Common clinical presentations include attacks of ketoacidosis, unexplained metabolic acidosis, failure of normal developmen...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The last decades of bilirubin research seem to have clarified the basic mechanisms by which bilirubin enters the brain. Clinical studies have so far failed to show any value of the presently known risk factors in predicting bilirubin toxicity in the newborn infant, however. This indicates that bilirubin entry into the...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnostic and invasive procedures in premature infants may require general anesthesia. General anesthetics interfere with the development of the immature animal brain. Accelerated apoptosis, disturbed synaptogenesis, and cytoarchitecture are among the mechanisms suspected to underlie this phenomenon. The implications...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2019.08.002
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in fetal echocardiography are providing highly accurate diagnoses of congenital heart disease prior to delivery, making it possible to plan the delivery-room management of these newborns. Knowledge of the expected transitional circulation occurring with birth and the pathophysiologic implications of congenita...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2005.09.014
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although therapies in addition to whole-body cooling are being developed to treat the neonate at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, we have no quickly measured serum inflammatory or neuronal biomarkers to acutely and accurately identify brain injury or to follow the efficacy of therapy. This review covers infla...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
