Abstract:
:The APOBEC3 (A3) enzymes, A3G and A3F, are coordinately expressed in CD4+ T cells and can become coencapsidated into HIV-1 virions, primarily in the absence of the viral infectivity factor (Vif). A3F and A3G are deoxycytidine deaminases that inhibit HIV-1 replication by inducing guanine-to-adenine hypermutation through deamination of cytosine to form uracil in minus-strand DNA. The effect of the simultaneous presence of both A3G and A3F on HIV-1 restriction ability is not clear. Here, we used a single-cycle infectivity assay and biochemical analyses to determine if coencapsidated A3G and A3F differ in their restriction capacity from A3G or A3F alone. Proviral DNA sequencing demonstrated that compared to each A3 enzyme alone, A3G and A3F, when combined, had a coordinate effect on hypermutation. Using size exclusion chromatography, rotational anisotropy, and in vitro deamination assays, we demonstrate that A3F promotes A3G deamination activity by forming an A3F/G hetero-oligomer in the absence of RNA which is more efficient at deaminating cytosines. Further, A3F caused the accumulation of shorter reverse transcripts due to decreasing reverse transcriptase efficiency, which would leave single-stranded minus-strand DNA exposed for longer periods of time, enabling more deamination events to occur. Although A3G and A3F are known to function alongside each other, these data provide evidence for an A3F/G hetero-oligomeric A3 with unique properties compared to each individual counterpart. IMPORTANCE:The APOBEC3 enzymes APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G act as a barrier to HIV-1 replication in the absence of the HIV-1 Vif protein. After APOBEC3 enzymes are encapsidated into virions, they deaminate cytosines in minus-strand DNA, which forms promutagenic uracils that induce transition mutations or proviral DNA degradation. Even in the presence of Vif, footprints of APOBEC3-catalyzed deaminations are found, demonstrating that APOBEC3s still have discernible activity against HIV-1 in infected individuals. We undertook a study to better understand the activity of coexpressed APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G. The data demonstrate that an APOBEC3F/APOBEC3G hetero-oligomer can form that has unique properties compared to each APOBEC3 alone. This hetero-oligomer has increased efficiency of virus hypermutation, raising the idea that we still may not fully realize the antiviral mechanisms of endogenous APOBEC3 enzymes. Hetero-oligomerization may be a mechanism to increase their antiviral activity in the presence of Vif.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Ara A,Love RP,Follack TB,Ahmed KA,Adolph MB,Chelico Ldoi
10.1128/JVI.02230-16subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-18 00:00:00issue
3eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.02230-16journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Intracisternal-A-particle-related envelope-encoding (IAPE) proviral elements in the mouse genome encode and express an envelope-like protein that may allow transmission of IAPEs as infectious agents. To test IAPE mobility and potential transmission in mice, we have analyzed the distribution of IAPE elements in the gen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.9.6450-6454.1996
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed live cell visualization assays to directly assess the interaction between competing adeno-associated virus (AAV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA replication. Our studies reveal the formation of separate AAV and HSV-1 replication compartments and the inhibition of HSV-1 replication compartment ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02476-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amount and distribution of viral DNA were established in a horse acutely infected with the Wyoming strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The highest concentration of viral DNA were found in the liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen. The kidney, choroid plexus, and peripheral blood leukocytes also ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.12.5194-5200.1989
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arenaviruses can cause lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans with few preventative and therapeutic measures. The arenaviral glycoprotein stable signal peptide (SSP) is unique among signal peptides in that it is an integral component of the mature glycoprotein complex (GPC) and plays important roles not only in GPC expre...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01154-16
更新日期:2016-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription was analyzed in vitro and in vivo by using a specific molecular approach which allows accurate quantitation of the different classes of viral mRNAs. Unspliced (US) and multiply spliced (MS) HIV-1 transcripts were assayed by competitive reverse t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.11.7603-7613.1996
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The latent HIV reservoir is a major impediment to curing HIV infection. The contribution of CD4(+) T cell activation status to the establishment and maintenance of the latent reservoir was investigated by enumerating viral DNA components in a cohort of 12 individuals commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) c...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03331-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins B and L upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. In contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surf...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02232-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies have demonstrated that a small proportion of blood lymphocytes from patients with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection express only the viral immediate-early (IE) genes (L. Einhorn and A. Ost, J. Infect. Dis. 149:207-214, 1984; G. P. A. Rice, R. D. Schrier, and M. B. A. Oldstone, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci....
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.7.3026-3033.1989
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smallest capsid proteins (SCPs) of the human herpesviruses differ substantially in size and sequence and are thought to impart some unique aspects of infection to their respective viruses. We used electron cryomicroscopy and antibody labeling to show that the 8-kDa SCP of human cytomegalovirus is attached only to ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.1327-1332.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza viruses unable to express NS1 protein (delNS1) replicate poorly and induce large amounts of interferon (IFN). They are therefore considered candidate viruses for live-attenuated influenza vaccines. Their attenuated replication is generally assumed to result from the inability to counter the antiviral host re...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01725-12
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the approximately 165 proteins encoded by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome do not have significant similarity to known proteins and have not been studied experimentally. One such protein is DP148R. We showed that the DP148R gene is transcribed at early times postinfection. Deletion of this gene did ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01428-17
更新日期:2017-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA and RNA have been detected in peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) tissues of latently infected mice. However, explant methods are successful in reactivating HSV-1 only from latently infected PNS tissues. In this report, latent herpesvirus infections ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.3.749-756.1988
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that the type II feline coronavirus (FCoV) strains 79-1146 and 79-1683 have arisen from a homologous RNA recombination event between FCoV type I and canine coronavirus (CCV). In both cases, the template switch apparently took place between the S and M genes, giving rise to recombinant viruses ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.5.4508-4514.1998
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the tissue specificity of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) gene expression, we developed two series of transgenic mice, containing the MMTV proviral DNA of mammary (GR) and kidney (C3H-K) origin. The expression pattern in the MMTV(GR) transgenic mice is very similar to that observed in infected animals, e.g.,...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.7.4580-4586.1992
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two canine adenoviruses, infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) virus and infectious canine laryngotracheitis (ICL) virus (also designated as Toronto A26/61 virus), were studied with respect to their morphology and the biological properties of their soluble components. The two viruses were found to be composed of solub...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.5.4.507-512.1970
更新日期:1970-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus with latent and lytic reactivation cycles. The mechanism by which KSHV evades the innate immune system to establish latency has not yet been precisely elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first line of defense against viral ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02591-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of geminate structures were purified from African cassava mosaic geminivirus (ACMV)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. After cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation, they were separated into lighter top (T) and heavier bottom (B) com...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.13.6758-6765.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatography of RNA polymerase purified from vaccinia virions and from vaccinia virus-infected HeLa cells resulted in the separation of populations active for early and late transcription. An RNA polymerase population immunodepleted for the vaccinia virus H4 gene peptide could support late transcription. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.4.2602-2604.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nonstructural protein 16 (nsp16) is an S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) that is thought to methylate the ribose 2'-OH of the first transcribed nucleotide (N1) of viral RNA cap structures. This 2'-O-MTase activity is ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02217-16
更新日期:2017-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::HIV CRF01_AE accounted for 84% of the recent infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Liaoning Province of northeastern China. CRF01_AE strains were grouped into two distinct clusters (designated clusters 1 and 2) that were also detected in other regions in China. Phylodynamics study revealed that these two...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00262-12
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prion diseases are progressive fatal neurodegenerative illnesses caused by the accumulation of transmissible abnormal prion protein (PrP). To find treatments for prion diseases, we searched for substances from natural resources that inhibit abnormal PrP formation in prion-infected cells. We found that high-molecular-w...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01862-16
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the Reoviridae family, is an insect-borne animal pathogen. Virus release from infected cells is predominantly by cell lysis, but some BTV particles are also released from the plasma membrane. The nonstructural protein NS3 has been implicated in this process. Using alternate initiato...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02352-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1998, 9 of the 26 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) have spread throughout Europe, and serotype 8 has suddenly emerged in northern Europe, causing considerable economic losses, direct (mortality and morbidity) but also indirect, due to restriction in animal movements. Therefore, many new types of vaccines, par...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01514-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations critical for the central nervous system (CNS) attenuation of the Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus (PV) are located within the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We examined the interaction of the IRESs of PV type 3 (PV3) and Sabin type 3 (Sabin3) with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) and...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.20.11097-11107.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral transcription and replication of Ebola virus (EBOV) is balanced by transcription factor VP30, an RNA binding protein. An RNA hairpin at the transcription start site (TSS) of the first gene (NP hairpin) in the 3'-leader promoter is thought to mediate the VP30 dependency of transcription. Here, we investigated the...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02215-20
更新日期:2020-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Combined Southern blot hybridization analyses of DNA digests of several clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have revealed the presence of a gene (hblR), or part of it, similar to the hbl7 gene coding for the cell wall lytic enzyme of the temperate HB-746 phage. The results confirmed that the genome of HB-746,...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.5.2860-2864.1992
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral interference studies have demonstrated the existence of four distinct murine leukemia virus (MuLV) receptors on NIH 3T3 mouse cells. The four viral interference groups are ecotropic MuLV; mink cell focus inducing virus (MCF); amphotropic MuLV; and 10A1, a recombinant derivative of amphotropic MuLV that uses a un...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.2.757-766.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently transmitted by organ transplantation, and its reactivation under conditions of immunosuppressive prophylaxis against graft rejection by host-versus-graft disease bears a risk of graft failure due to viral pathogenesis. CMV is the most common cause of infection following liver...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00870-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing C-terminally truncated E's that ranged in length from 9 to 99% of the N-terminal sequence were constructed. The overall antigenicity of the E products was analyzed by radioimmunoprecipitation, using dengue virus hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid (HMAF) or an anti-E peptide serum. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.3.1400-1407.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer contains five functional cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements (CRE). Because the CRE in their native context do not contribute appreciably to MIE enhancer/promoter activity in lytically infected human fibroblasts and NTera2 (NT2)-derived neurons, we ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01524-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00