Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We assessed the prevalence and determinants of high blood pressure (BP), and barriers to diagnosis and treatment, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS:We surveyed and screened 2174 community-dwelling adults aged at least 40 years in 2014 and conducted a follow-up after 1 year. RESULTS:Median BP was 131/81 mmHg, and hypertension prevalence was 37%. Mean adjusted difference in SBP was 4.0 mmHg for overweight, 6.3 mmHg for obese class I, and 10.5 mmHg for obese class II/III compared with normal weight participants. Those who were physically inactive had 4.8 mmHg higher SBP compared with those with more than 24 h of moderate or vigorous activity per week. Drinkers of at least 10 g of alcohol per day had 4.5 mmHg higher SBP than did nondrinkers. Among hypertensive participants, 48% were previously diagnosed, 22% were treated, and 10% were controlled. Hypertensive participants without health insurance were 12% less likely to have been previously diagnosed than insured hypertensive participants. Of referred participants, 68% sought care, but only 27% were on treatment and 8% had controlled BP at follow-up. Reasons for not seeking care included lack of symptoms, cost of visit, and lack of time. Reasons for not being on treatment included lack of symptoms, not being prescribed treatment, and having finished one course of treatment. CONCLUSION:Major risk factors for hypertension in Dar es Salaam are overweight, obesity, inadequate physical activity, and limited access to quality medical care. Increased insurance coverage and community-based screening, along with quality medical care and patient education, may help control this burgeoning epidemic.
journal_name
J Hypertensjournal_title
Journal of hypertensionauthors
Zack RM,Irema K,Kazonda P,Leyna GH,Liu E,Spiegelman D,Fawzi W,Njelekela M,Killewo J,Danaei Gdoi
10.1097/HJH.0000000000001117subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
2353-2364issue
12eissn
0263-6352issn
1473-5598journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:Acute hypertensive response (AHR) in acute stroke is associated with adverse outcomes; however, the underlying pathophysiology of the association is poorly understood and its prognostic impact in ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of AHR in patients with isch...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002171
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) is involved in the fine regulation of sodium excretion by the kidney, and an increase in its activity causes salt-sensitive hypertension and hypercalciuria. METHODS:To explore the possibility that activating mutations in the TSC gene may be involved in the pa...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282a9be1b
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Reversibility of the systemic and renal alterations induced by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester(L-NAME) was assessed by treatment with irbesartan and enalapril (30 and 10 mg/kg per 24 h, respectively) alone or in combination. DESIGN:L-NAME (20 mg/kg per 24 h) was given to rats for 6 weeks and treatment...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200111000-00015
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the development of arterial hypertension due to occlusion of the central adrenal vein in the rat is strain-dependent DESIGN AND METHODS:The experiments were performed on male rats weighing 300-400 g each, of the following strains: Wistar outbred, Wistar Glaxo, Lewis, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) r...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199816090-00004
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether and how renin-angiotensin inhibition attenuates renal injury seen in salt-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats. METHODS:Dahl-S rats fed a high-salt (4% sodium chloride) diet for 6 weeks were treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor alacepril o...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Work stress contributes to risk of coronary heart disease and hypertension. This study tested the influence of job control on ambulatory blood pressure, and ratings of perceived stress and happiness in men and women systematically sampled by socio-economic status from the Whitehall II epidemiological cohort. ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200405000-00012
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Exercise training has antihypertensive and renoprotective effects in humans and rats. However, the effects of exercise training on renal disorders that occur with salt-sensitive hypertension remains unclear. The study aim was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of exercise training on renal function in ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002409
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the predictive power of home blood pressure and clinic blood pressure based on the long-term cardiovascular outcome in hypertensive patients with and without impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). METHOD:The multicentre Hypertension Objective Treatment Based on Measurement by Electrical Devices Blo...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328361732c
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of the brainstem and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus play crucial roles in central cardiovascular regulation. In hypertensive rats, an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the RVLM enhances central sympathetic outflow. Increased react...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834e1df4
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Mechanisms involved in hypertension in homozygous mice for the defective endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS-/-) have not been fully elucidated. As NO is a potent vasodilator agent and possibly promotes angiogenesis, we investigated whether vasoconstriction and/or microvascular rarefaction could exp...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200208000-00021
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Some cases of pseudopheochromocytoma have been described among hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study examined whether a pathological rise of urinary metanephrines is a common feature in hypertensive OSA patients and, in such a case, whether the ventilation treatment during sleep...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001507
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Former guidelines on hypertension never made a commitment to the detection of microalbuminuria for screening or follow-up of hypertensive patients. On the other hand, growing evidence support the contributory role of microalbuminuria in the prediction of absolute cardiovascular risk in hypertension and document the po...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004872-200307000-00001
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Endothelial dysfunction is established in aged individuals; however, the mechanism(s) are not fully elucidated. We have previously identified l-arginine transport as a potential rate-limiting factor in nitric oxide (NO) production in heart-failure patients, characterized with endothelial dysfunction. We ther...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-200402000-00016
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Orthostatic hypotension, postprandial hypotension, and carotid sinus hypersensitivity are hypotensive syndromes with high prevalence in older people. However, their pathophysiology and prognostic significance remain largely unknown. METHODS:In a retrospective cohort study of 313 consecutive patients visitin...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328352b9fd
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM:Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is superior to conventional BP measurement in predicting outcome, with baseline 24-h, daytime and night-time absolute values, as well as relative nocturnal decline, as powerful determinants of prognosis. We aimed to evaluate ABPM estimates on the appearance...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328350bb40
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:When assessing arterial stiffness, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) are potential confounders. It appears that the HR/BP dependences of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and distensibility are different, even though both assess arterial stiffness. This study aims to compare aortic PWV as measured using pulse ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002608
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of age on the circadian blood pressure rhythm of patients with untreated essential hypertension (n = 133, World Health Organization stage I or II) were compared with those of normotensive subjects (n = 91). Subjects were classified into three groups by age: young (less than 40 years old), adult (40-59 year...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199105000-00004
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the arterial blood pressure, left ventricular function and insulin secretion in alcoholics. DESIGN:We examined hospitalized patients between the second and seventh day of acute alcohol withdrawal and after a month of abstinence by 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, a standard oral glucose...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199715110-00005
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in which the disease cannot be attributed to any known cause is named CKD of uncertain aetiology (CKDu). The main aims of this analysis were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to identify the associated factors in a rural community vulnerable to CKDu and to identify...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002107
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arterial stiffness measures such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) have a known dependence on actual blood pressure, requiring consideration in cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Given the impact of ageing on arterial wall structure, the pressure-dependence of PWV may vary with age. METHODS:Using a n...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000407
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Low insulin sensitivity is closely related to both cardiovascular diseases and diabetes development. Still, correlates of insulin sensitivity have mainly been examined in cross-sectional studies. As far as we are aware, the longitudinal stability of insulin sensitivity in young men is largely unknown. We aime...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000632
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:There is a growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in West Africa and among its migrants to industrialized countries. Despite this, no study has reviewed CVD risk factor prevalence among West Africans in Africa and industrialized countries. OBJECTIVE:To appraise studies on the prevalenc...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000061
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sitagliptin, a new antidiabetic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 enzyme activity, has been reported to possess neuroprotective property. We tested the protective effects of sitagliptin against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP) in mice after bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). METHOD:...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000529
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Preeclampsia is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Women with a history of preeclampsia are at risk of developing hypertension as well as ischemic heart disease. Identification of women at the highest risk is important to initiate preventive strategies. We investigated w...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002497
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the dilatory effectiveness of nitric oxide donors in resistance arteries of patients with arterial hypertension in comparison with that in those of normotensive controls. BACKGROUND:Endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been demonstrated to be impaired in arterial hypertension. Besides disturbance...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199607000-00014
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine whether pulse pressure is a risk factor for coronary artery disease using data from the MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension, and whether the effect of anti-hypertensive drug therapy on pulse pressure may be a determinant of outcome in treated patients. METHODS:...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199917080-00004
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The postulated antihypertensive effect of dietary fish oil and the influence of dietary sodium on this effect were evaluated in young stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) by direct intra-arterial measurement of blood pressure. Weaning rats were fed synthetic diets containing olive oil or eicosapentaeno...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004872-199107000-00009
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::: High blood pressure (BP) is a highly prevalent modifiable cause of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. Accurate BP measurement is critical, given that a 5-mmHg measurement error may lead to incorrect hypertension status classification in 84 million individuals worldwide. This position statement summarizes pro...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002112
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In clonal animal cells, certain angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). The aim of this work was to validate that observation in human cells and humans. METHODS:We investigated the induction of in-vitro adipogenesis and the activation of ...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000242405.68461.84
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Recent studies have demonstrated that stimulating autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R-AA) are frequently detected in the sera from women with preeclampsia, suggesting that they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Nevertheless, the real clinical significa...
journal_title:Journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283376cc6
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00