Abstract：
:Chemometrics has been a fundamental discipline for the development of metabolomics, while symbiotically growing with it. From design of experiments, through data processing, to data analysis, chemometrics tools are used to design, process, visualize, explore and analyse metabolomics data.In this chapter, the most commonly used chemometrics methods for data analysis and interpretation of metabolomics experiments will be presented, with focus on multivariate analysis. These are projection-based linear methods, like principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS), which facilitate interpretation of the causes behind the observed sample trends, correlation with outcomes or group discrimination analysis. Validation procedures for multivariate methods will be presented and discussed.Univariate analysis is briefly discussed in the context of correlation-based linear regression methods to find associations to outcomes or in analysis of variance-based and logistic regression methods for class discrimination. These methods rely on frequentist statistics, with the determination of p-values and corresponding multiple correction procedures.Several strategies of design-analysis of metabolomics experiments will be discussed, in order to guide the reader through different setups, adopted to better address some experimental issues and to better test the scientific hypotheses.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Pinto RCdoi
10.1007/978-3-319-47656-8_7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
163-190eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
965pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) leads to significant mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has become a standard of care following HIE. After TH, the body temperature is brought back to 37 °C. Early electroencephalography (EEG) is a reliable outcome biomarker following HIE. We hypothesized th...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_4
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between oxygen concentrations in arteries, cytosol, and mitochondria and high energy phosphate metabolism was studied in perfused rat hearts subjected to low and high workloads during gradual hypoxia. PCr, ATP, and Pi were measured by 31P-NMR. Myoglobin oxygenation and cytochrome aa3 oxidation were me...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_50
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study shows for the first time, the response in active and passive forces of skeletal muscles to tourniquet ischemia. These responses were shown for both fast and slow twitch muscle types in the same rat hindlimb. Our data agrees partially with metabolic studies on ischemic skeletal muscles. The difference...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_40
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The components of the kallikrein kinin system are present in brain, and blood pressure is increased when kinins are injected into the brain cerebral ventricles. Therefore, brain kinins may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Kinin analogs which are effective as blockers of the vasodilatory and musculotrop...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9543-4_67
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soundscape ecological research in terrestrial systems is relatively new. In this paper, I present a brief summary of the origins of this research area, describe research questions related to several research thrusts that are ongoing, summarize several soundscape projects that exist and how these relate to the research...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_103
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is a toxic indole tetramic acid that has been isolated from numerous species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It has been found as a natural contaminant of cheese, corn, peanuts and various feedstuffs. Historically, thin-layer chromatography has been the most widely used method for quantitative...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_11
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter illustrates the biostatistical human genetics with an introduction to the T-Test, and the Manhattan Plots in statistics using Human Genetic Data concepts leading to procedures for Statistical Tests and Utilities for Genetic Association. Several R packages are chosen: iGasso, GenABEL, and HardyWeinberg. Ot...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-93791-5_5
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The respiratory network is sensitive to both chemical and mechanosensory feedback and exhibits considerable plasticity when exposed to repeated respiratory perturbations. One example of respiratory plasticity is long-term facilitation (LTF) - a long-term enhancement in respiratory activity induced by intermittent hypo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_61
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SLE patient database at the Rheumatology Clinic, St. Luke's Hospital includes 62 patients, 58 of which have complete data. The patients were grouped according to sex (7 males vs 51 females). The presentation, clinical manifestations, ACR criteria and laboratory findings of the 2 groups were analyzed and compared. ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_25
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Several studies demonstrated that foods typical of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), including vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, extra virgin olive oil and fish, can promote health b...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2020_513
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Rat skeletal muscle can synthesize purine nucleotides de novo. 2. Nucleotide synthesis de novo was inhibited by approximately 90% in the presence of 1 mM azaserine. 3. Purine nucleotides can be synthesized via "salvage" pathways from purine bases and nucleosides. Under the conditions employed incorporation rates we...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-8559-2_3
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of ambient noise south of Australia show higher levels at low frequencies in the deep water off the continental shelf compared with locations on the shelf. The difference arises because of differences in transmission loss. Marine animals would experience significantly different noise levels and directionality ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_83
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As extracts from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) have been reported to be an alternative adjuvant treatment for diabetes, numerous of work have been carried out on it. Among the many biologically active constituents of Ganoderma, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteins, and triterpenoids have been shown to ha...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_8
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although broadly defined in the literature, for the purpose of this section, we define systems biology as the description of the dynamic genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic processes integrated into a functional model of the cell, organelle, or tissue that is capable of accurately tracking the biological system's resp...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_12
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive alpha-oxoaldehyde generated by oxidation of carbohydrate and glycolysis, binds to proteins and forms advanced glycation end products (AGE). MG and MG adducts have been implicated in oxidative stress-related diseases, therefore, MG detoxifying system such as the glyoxalase system (...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our experience of using mediastinoscopy for the diagnosis of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes or mediastinal mass is presented in this study. We reviewed 54 consecutive patients (34 men and 20 women) with mediastinal pathology of varied etiologies who underwent a standard cervical mediastinoscopy from January to Decem...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2014_101
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurobiology in ascidians has made many advances. Ascidians have offered natural advantages to researchers, including fecundity, structural simplicity, invariant morphology, and fast and stereotyped developmental processes. The researchers have also accumulated on this animal a great deal of knowledge, genomic resourc...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-7545-2_16
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In isometric contraction, a high proportion of crossbridges are always in the attached state and crossbridge cycling is slow. During shortening, crossbridges must be entering the detached state at a higher rate, as they come to the end of their working strokes. The size of the population of detached crossbridges will ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biodegradable and biocompatible microspheres have been investigated for their usefulness as a vaccine delivery system for both parenteral and enteral immunization. Microspheres composed of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) which contained a toxoid vaccine of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B were found to strongly potentiate t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-2046-4_18
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2005, Q fever was diagnosed on two dairy goat farms and 2 years later it emerged in the human population in the south of the Netherlands. From 2007 to 2010, more than 4,000 human cases were notified with an annual seasonal peak. The outbreaks in humans were mainly restricted to the south of the country in an area w...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-4315-1_17
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality rates throughout the world. Next to an insufficient number of healthy donors, this has led to increasing numbers of patients on heart transplant waiting lists with prolonged waiting times. Innovative technological advancements have led to the production of ven...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2018_145
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to better understand the mechanisms of cerebrovascular development and differentiation, the leptomeningeal microcirculation was analyzed using in vivo fluorescence video-microscopy in neonatal (1, 9, and 12 day old) Sprague-Dawley rats. The pattern of flow distribution was reconstructed, the location of radia...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_41
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seen from the perspective of funding organizations, investors, and the general public, the productivity of our world-wide biomedical research enterprise is declining despite increased investment. This opinion piece suggests a cause and a solution. The cause is the enormous complexity of human biology and pathophysiolo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7210-1_31
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that reside in various organs. They have the capacity to differentiate into various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Among the various MSCs, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) have been widely use...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_12
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 is a membrane-bound surface ectopeptidase with a ubiquitous distribution. In hematopoiesis, APN/CD13 is expressed on stem cells and during most developmental stages of myeloid cells. Because APN/CD13 has been implicated in the trimming on the cell surface of peptides that protrude out of MH...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/0-306-46826-3_5
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of viral RNA replication in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells was studied by oligonucleotide mapping of every mRNA. We discovered that an oligonucleotide, No. 10, was localized at the 5'-end of every mRNA, and was not colinear with the sequences of the virion genomic RNA. This result indicates t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9373-7_19
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), also known as interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), is one of the natural receptors of IL-33. Three major isoforms, ST2L (transmembrane form), sST2 (soluble form), and ST2V, are generated by alternative splicing. Damage to stromal cells induces necrosis and release of IL-33, wh...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_7
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary function of the mammalian lung is to facilitate diffusion of oxygen to venous blood and to ventilate carbon dioxide produced by catabolic reactions within cells. However, it is also responsible for a variety of other important functions, including host defense and production of vasoactive agents to regulat...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-1222-9_11
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our new method is comparable to the standard, "open-end" tonometer system and incorporates all its abilities to monitor oxygen tension and perfusion. The new device has the advantage of being completely sealed, providing a true, continuous direct measurement over several days, with freedom of movement for the patient ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9510-6_31
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age is a critical determinant of the ability of most arthropod vectors to transmit a range of human pathogens. This is due to the fact that most pathogens require a period of extrinsic incubation in the arthropod host before pathogen transmission can occur. This developmental period for the pathogen often comprises a ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_11
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
