Lead Quantification in Urine Samples of Athletes by Coupling DLLME with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.

Abstract:

:Urine lead level is one of the most employed measures of lead exposure and risk. The urine samples used in this study were obtained from ten healthy male cyclists. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry was utilized for preconcentration, extraction, and determination of lead in urine samples. Optimization of the independent variables was carried out based on chemometric methods in three steps. According to the screening and optimization study, 133 μL of CCl4 (extracting solvent), 1.34 mL ethanol (dispersing solvent), pH 2.0, 0.00 % of salt, and 0.1 % O,O-diethyl dithiophosphoric (chelating agent) were used as the optimum independent variables for microextraction and determination of lead. Under the optimized conditions, R 2 was 0.9991, and linearity range was 0.01-100 μg L-1. Precision was evaluated in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision, with relative standard deviations being <9.1 and <15.3 %, respectively. The accuracy was estimated using urine samples of cyclists as real samples and it was confirmed. The relative error of ≤5 % was considered significant in the method specificity study. The lead concentration mean for the cyclists was 3.79 μg L-1 in urine samples. As a result, the proposed method is a robust technique to quantify lead concentrations higher than 11.6 ng L-1 in urine samples.

journal_name

Biol Trace Elem Res

authors

Faraji H,Helalizadeh M

doi

10.1007/s12011-016-0844-7

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-04-01 00:00:00

pages

258-269

issue

2

eissn

0163-4984

issn

1559-0720

pii

10.1007/s12011-016-0844-7

journal_volume

176

pub_type

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