Abstract:
:Germ-line mutations of the mouse have for years comprised one class of biological markers for mammalian reproductive and developmental toxicology. Understanding the molecular nature of mutations and the mechanisms by which mutations are translated into specific (and often complex) phenotypes, however, still looms as a major goal of mammalian biology. Molecular genetic analysis of heritable mouse mutations constitutes a significant, experimentally malleable strategy for relating genomic DNA structure to genic expression and function in mammals. The integrated use of recombinant DNA technology, which allows both the identification and analysis of expression of single genes, and classical genetic and cytogenetic analysis, which allow the important correlation between basic DNA defects and the organismic consequences of such defects, has been crucial to this strategy. Some of the approaches (e.g., specific-gene cloning, random-clone analysis of genomic regions, insertional mutagenesis) for studying the nature and effect of both mutations and their wild-type counterparts that have resulted from this integration of genetic analysis and molecular biology have been applied to many loci within the murine genome. Studies of the nature and effects of a complex set of radiation-induced mutations at the dilute-short ear (d-se) region of chromosome 9, a specific example of this type of integrated analysis, are discussed.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Rinchik EMdoi
10.1289/ehp.877441subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-10-01 00:00:00pages
41-8eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We have demonstrated that the pyrolysis products of amino acids and proteins in model systems are mutagenic. The mutagenic principles in the pyrolyzates of amino acids have been isolated and identified by Sugimura et al. We have isolated and identified amino-alpha-carbolines from pyrolyzed soybean globulin as mutagens...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866755
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The autonomic nervous system plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to external stimuli. In adults, exposure to fine particulate matter ( PM ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP4434
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential danger of natural mercury accumulation in the diet of the Eskimo is evaluated through mercury levels determined in cord blood, placenta, maternal blood, hair, and milk of 38 maternal-infant pairs from Anchorage and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Although mercury levels are not discernably dangerous, trends t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7615135
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we found that exposure of neonatal rats to chlorpyrifos (CPF) produced brain cell damage and loss, with resultant abnormalities of synaptic development. We used the same biomarkers to examine prenatal CPF treatment so as to define the critical period of vulnerability. One group of pregnant rats received CP...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.021101097
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide climate change and loss of biodiversity are issues of global scope and importance that have recently become subjects of considerable public concern. Unlike classical public health issues and many environmental issues, their perceived threat lies in their potential to disrupt ecological functioning and stabil...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9196167
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The National Environmental Policy Act and related state laws require many public agencies to analyze and disclose potentially significant environmental effects of agency actions, including effects on human health. In this paper we review the purpose and procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA), ex...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11132
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a 1-year epidemiologic study in Boston, Massachusetts, beginning May 1997, to examine the associations between environmental factors and office workers' health. We recruited 98 subjects (81 females and 17 males) in 21 offices in four office buildings. We conducted environmental sampling every 6 weeks and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5697
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants that are ubiquitous in the food chain, and detectable amounts are in the blood of almost every person in most populations that have been examined. Extensive evidence from animal studies shows that PCBs are neurotoxins, even at low doses. Interpretation of huma...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5463
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies estimating health effects of long-term air pollution exposure often use a two-stage approach: building exposure models to assign individual-level exposures, which are then used in regression analyses. This requires accurate exposure modeling and careful treatment of exposure measurement error. OBJEC...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206010
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular lining of the lungs is reviewed. The pulmonary extracellular lining is a complex mixture of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates which is absolutely essential for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions such as gas exchange. Without the lining the lungs would collapse. Alterations in the p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8455227
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The impact of prenatal lead exposure on neurodevelopment remains unclear in terms of consistency, the trimester of greatest vulnerability, and the best method for estimating fetal lead exposure. OBJECTIVE:We studied prenatal lead exposure's impact on neurodevelopment using repeated measures of fetal dose as...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9067
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we have demonstrated that several xenobiotics can induce multidrug (mdr) gene expression in cultures of primary isolated hepatocytes. One of the best of these xenobiotic inducers in rat hepatocytes is 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), which induces mdr expression by an enhancement of mdr gene transcription. In...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6209
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies indicate that the design of streets and sidewalks can influence physical activity among residents. Park features also influence park use and park-based physical activity. Although individuals can walk on streets and sidewalks, walking loops in parks offer a setting to walk in nature and to a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP293
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The damaging effects of exposure to environmental toxicants differentially affect genetically distinct individuals, but the mechanisms contributing to these differences are poorly understood. Genetic variation affects the establishment of the gene regulatory landscape and thus gene expression, and we hypothe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1937
更新日期:2017-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The last decade has marked a radical change in the business of sustainability, say environmental activists and industrialists alike. On the wane are "greenwashing" campaigns in which corporations promote dubious environmental accomplishments to draw attention away from environmentally damaging practices. On the rise a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.110-a142
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole blood oxygen equilibrium curves (O2 ECs), blood buffer lines, and several hematologic properties were determined for adult guinea pigs exposed to 700 ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC) for 15 min. MIC inhalation effected a significant reduction of blood O2 affinity; the half-saturation pressure (P50) at 38 degrees C in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.877235
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(vinyl chloride) resins are produced by four basic processes: suspension, emulsion, bulk and solution polymerization. PVC suspensions resins are usually relatively dust-free and granular with varying degrees of particle porosity. PVC emulsion resins are small particle powders containing very little free monomer. B...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8141123
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) was studied in vitro by using rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and atmospheric O2. Quantitative recoveries of all PBBs were obtained after incubations with control or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced microsomes. Of the twelve major components, losses of o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782351
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Untreated wastewater from the Mexico City basin has been used for decades to irrigate cropland in the Mezquital Valley, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Excess irrigation water recharges the near-surface aquifer that is used as a domestic water supply source. We assessed the groundwater quality of three key groundwater sourc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107553
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a changing climate, increasing temperatures are anticipated to have profound health impacts. These impacts could be mitigated if individuals and communities adapt to changing exposures; however, little is known about the extent to which the population may be adapting. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the hypoth...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307392
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil ingestion estimates play an important role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion are trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103276
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cumulative lead exposure is associated with a widened pulse pressure (PP; the -difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure), a marker of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) have been shown to modify the impact of cumulativ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002251
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307541
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled asbestos fibers may contribute to three-fourths of malignant mesotheliomas diagnosed in men and almost 40% of cases diagnosed in women. Bans on the manufacture and sale of amphibole asbestos fibers are expected to reduce the incidence of mesothelioma, but the long latency period from initial exposure to clinic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900868
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythropoietic cells in bone marrow are vulnerable to cytotoxic substances. There are three types of erythroid precursors: cells that can take up Fe but do not proliferate (reticulocytes), those that can take up Fe and proliferate (normoblasts and pronormoblasts), and those cells that do not take up Fe but can prolife...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.813929
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitative are also the least relevant in terms...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9088149
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in agriculture and homes. Animal studies suggest that even moderate doses are neurodevelopmental toxicants, but there are few studies in humans. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the relationship of prenatal and child OP urinary metabolite levels with children's neur...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9828
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to oxidants is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) by which oxidants contribute to carcinogenesis is unknown. Since oncogene activation plays an important role in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage might contribute to ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s10155
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Building-related illness ranges from mild rhinitis to potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity pneumonitis and legionellosis. Sick-building syndrome, consisting of headache, mucous membrane irritation, and fatigue, may be present in 30% of all office workers. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, and legionellosi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.919567
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00