Abstract:
:1. To characterize the temporal dynamic responses of ganglion cells and to define the possible inputs giving rise to their responses in catfish retina, we recorded the ganglion cell responses evoked by 1) a step of light presented in the dark, 2) an incremental and decremental step from a background illumination, and 3) a white-noise modulated light. 2. For comparison, we recorded the responses of preganglionic cells evoked by the same set of stimuli as used for the ganglion cells. Type-C cells produced on-off transient depolarizations to step stimuli, whether presented in the dark or an illuminated background. Type-N amacrine cells produced complex transient responses to incremental and decremental steps, whereas their step-evoked responses in the dark were sustained polarizations. Bipolar cells produced sustained responses to all step stimuli. 3. Ganglion cells were classified into three types, based on their responses evoked by incremental and decremental steps of light. One class of ganglion cells produced responses similar to those of type-C cells, the second class produced responses similar to those of type-N cells, and the third class resembled bipolar cell responses, although spike discharges accompanied the ganglion cell responses. 4. The analysis of the first-order kernels indicates that the temporal properties of linear dynamic responses are established at the level of bipolar cells and encoded into spike trains of ganglion cells without a major transformation. 5. The second-order nonlinearity appeared at the amacrine cell level. Type-C and type-N cells produced a second-order kernel characteristic of each cell type. The second-order kernels produced in ganglion cells were similar to those produced either by type-C or type-N cells. 6. We conclude that bipolar cells are the major source of linear components of ganglion cell responses and that type-C and type-N amacrine cells are the major source of the nonlinear responses. These linear and second-order nonlinear signals were encoded into spike trains by ganglion cells without a major transformation of the temporal response properties.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Sakai HM,Naka Kdoi
10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1307subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-12-01 00:00:00pages
1307-28issue
6eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Reaching to grasp is of fundamental importance to primate motor behavior and requires coordinating hand preshaping with limb transport and grasping. We aimed to clarify the role of cerebellar output via the magnocellular red nucleus (RNm) to the control of reaching to grasp. Rubrospinal fibers originating from RNm con...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1461
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red and green cones of two turtle species (Pseudemys scripta elegans and Chelydra serpentina) retina have been stained with Golgi procedures and examined by light microscopy of whole-mount tissue and by electron microscopy of serial thin sections. By light microscopy, red and green single cones appear indistinguishabl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.304
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synthesis of information from different sensory modalities in the superior colliculus is an important precursor of attentive and orientation behavior. 2. This integration of multisensory information is critically dependent on inputs from a small area of association cortex, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. Remov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.429
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whenever the eyes move, spatial attention must keep track of the locations of targets as they shift on the retina. This study investigated transsaccadic updating of visual attention to cued targets. While observers prepared a saccade, we flashed an irrelevant, but salient, color cue in their visual periphery and measu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00656.2012
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The wiring of synaptic connections in the developing mammalian brain is shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. One point where these regulatory pathways converge is via the sensory experience-dependent regulation of new gene transcription. Recent studies have elucidated a number of molecular mechanisms that a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00067.2017
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unitary excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory (IPSP) postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were evoked between neurons in Rexed's laminae (L)II-V of spinal slices from young hamsters (7-24 days old) at 27°C using paired whole cell recordings. Laminar differences in synaptic efficacy were observed: excitatory connections were more...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00684.2010
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 443 pelvic nerve afferent fibers in the L6 dorsal root of the rat were identified by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve; 319 (72%) were myelinated A delta fibers with a mean conduction velocity (CV) of 11.8 m/s and 124 (28%) were unmyelinated C fibers with mean CV of 1.9 m/s. Two hundred fifty-two f...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1566
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amino acid and bile salt odorants are detected by zebrafish with relatively independent odorant receptors, but the transduction cascade(s) subsequently activated by these odorants remains unknown. Electro-olfactogram recording methods were used to determine the effects of two drugs, reported to affect phospholipase C ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1183
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Voltage-dependent K+ currents were studied in normal rat anterior pituitary cells using the patch-clamp technique. To obtain cultures enriched for lactotrophs, density gradient centrifugation was performed on pituitary cells isolated from lactating rats. 2. Depolarizations to about -30 mV from a holding potential o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.719
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful motor performance relies on our ability to adapt to changes in the environment by learning novel mappings between motor commands and sensory outcomes. Such adaptation is thought to involve two distinct mechanisms: an implicit, error-based component linked to slow learning and an explicit, strategic componen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00113.2018
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Evidence from single-unit recordings suggests that neurons in the medial superior temporal visual area (MST) carry directional signals that influence psychophysical judgements of motion direction. We tested this hypothesis by electrically stimulating clusters of directionally selective neurons in MST (the dorsomedi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.437
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Single-unit electrical activity has been recorded from 34 dorsal horn neurons in the sacral segments (S1-2) of the spinal cord in halothane-anesthetized rats. All of the neurons had cutaneous receptive fields (RFs) on the rat's tail. The neurons were classified according to their responses to both innocuous and nox...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.5.1022
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The sensorimotor synapse of Aplysia expresses various shortlasting changes in synaptic efficacy including homosynaptic depression (HSD) and heterosynaptic facilitation by serotonin (5-HT) either at nondepressed sensory neuron (SN) synaptic connections or at SN synaptic connections first depressed by HSD. We examine...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2250
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although understanding the processing of natural sounds is an important goal in auditory neuroscience, relatively little is known about the neural coding of these sounds. Recently we demonstrated that the spectral temporal receptive field (STRF), a description of the stimulus-response function of auditory neurons, cou...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1445
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The modulation of the voltage-activated Ca2+ current by the neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFa) was investigated in dissociated central neurons from Helix aspersa using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording techniques. External Ba2+ was always used as the charge carrier in this study, and the intracellular Ca2+ c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1517
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A reverse correlation (6, 8, 25, 35) method is developed that allows quantitative determination of visual receptive-field structure in two spatial dimensions. This method is applied to simple cells in the cat striate cortex. 2. It is demonstrated that the reverse correlation method yields results with several desir...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1187
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of ascending afferents to the control of speech movement was evaluated by applying unanticipated loads to the lower lip during the generation of combined upper lip-lower lip speech gestures. To eliminate potential contamination due to anticipation or adaptation, loads were applied randomly on only 10-...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.4.705
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Transmission at electrical synapses is modulated by a variety of physiological signals, and this modulation is a potentially general mechanism for regulating signal integration in neural circuits and networks. In the outer plexiform layer of the retina, modulation of horizontal-cell electrical coupling by dopamine ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2257
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The parafacial respiratory group (pFRG), located in the lateral aspect of the rostroventral lateral medulla, has been described as a conditional expiratory oscillator that emerges mainly in conditions of high metabolic challenges to increase breathing. The convergence of inhibitory and excitatory inputs to pFRG and th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00698.2019
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We attempted to analyze the nature of premovement activity of neurons in medial motor areas [supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA] from a perspective of coding multiple movements. Monkeys were trained to perform a series of two movements with an intervening delay: supination or pronation with either forearm. Mov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90636.2008
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stretch reflexes contribute to arm impedance and longer-latency stretch reflexes exhibit increased sensitivity during interactions with compliant or unstable environments. This increased sensitivity is consistent with a regulation of arm impedance to compensate for decreased stability of the environment, but the speci...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00679.2009
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sciatic nerve section (axotomy) increases the excitability of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The changes in Ca2+ currents, K+ currents, Ca2+ sensitive K+ current, and hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I(H)) that may be associated with this effect were examined by whole cell recording. Axotomy affect...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.644
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have analyzed activity-induced changes in EMG activity in individual human motor units. We studied the changes in human thenar motor unit EMG that accompany the potentiation of twitch force and fatigue of tetanic force. Single motor unit EMG and force were recorded in healthy subjects in response to select...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00924.2005
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Two subtypes of astrocytes that expressed distinctly different ion channel complements were identified in primary cultures from rat spinal cord and hippocampus using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. One population of cells expressed voltage-activated Na+ currents and displayed outwardly rectifying I-V relationshi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.626
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We asked whether podokinetic adaptation to walking on a circular treadmill transfers to different forms of locomotion. Subjects were blindfolded and asked to walk straight across the floor, in the forward and backward directions, following podokinetic (PK) stimulation that consisted of 30 min of forward walking-in-pla...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1666
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controlled whisker stimulation and single-unit recordings were used to elucidate response transformations that occur during the processing of tactile information from ventral posterior medial thalamus (VPM) through cortical columns in the rat whisker/barrel cortex. Whiskers were either deflected alone, using punctate ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.4.1808
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperphagia is common in diabetes and may worsen hyperglycemia and diabetic complications. The responsible mechanisms are not well understood. The hypothalamus is a key center for the control of appetite and energy homeostasis. The ventromedial nucleus (VMH) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) are two critical nuclei involved i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00413.2018
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine how cat spinal motoneurons integrate the synaptic currents generated by the concurrent activation of large groups of presynaptic neurons. We obtained intracellular recordings from cat triceps surae motoneurons and measured the effects of repetitive activity in different sets of pre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.483
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vestibular system operates in a push-pull fashion using signals from both labyrinths and an intricate bilateral organization. Unilateral vestibular lesions cause well-characterized motor deficits that are partially compensated over time and whose neural correlates have been traced in the mean response modulation o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00280.2014
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here the time course of functional synapse formation and of the development of short-term synaptic plasticity at Aplysia sensorimotor synapses in cell culture, as well as the effects of blocking protein synthesis or postsynaptic receptors on the development of synaptic transmission and plasticity. We find ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2316
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00