Disinfection and Sterilization in Health Care Facilities: An Overview and Current Issues.

Abstract:

:When properly used, disinfection and sterilization can ensure the safe use of invasive and noninvasive medical devices. The method of disinfection and sterilization depends on the intended use of the medical device: critical items (contact sterile tissue) must be sterilized before use; semicritical items (contact mucous membranes or nonintact skin) must be high-level disinfected; and noncritical items (contact intact skin) should receive low-level disinfection. Cleaning should always precede high-level disinfection and sterilization. Current disinfection and sterilization guidelines must be strictly followed.

authors

Rutala WA,Weber DJ

doi

10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-09-01 00:00:00

pages

609-37

issue

3

eissn

0891-5520

issn

1557-9824

pii

S0891-5520(16)30022-8

journal_volume

30

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Influenza: historical aspects of epidemics and pandemics.

    abstract::Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory virus that affects birds, mammals, and humans. Influenza viruses are unique in their genetic instability, which frequently results in antigenic drift or shift. Antigenic shifts are responsible for influenza epidemics. Influenza A pandemics have been responsible for millions of death...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00095-3

    authors: Cunha BA

    更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00

  • Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial strategies.

    abstract::Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, especially in women. Low-dose daily or postcoital antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective for prevention of recurrent UTIs and women can self-diagnose and self-treat a new UTI with antibiotics. The increasing resistance rates of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial age...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.10.001

    authors: Geerlings SE,Beerepoot MA,Prins JM

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Antibiotic agents in the elderly.

    abstract::Changes that occur in the pharmacology of drugs in the elderly must be considered in the use of antimicrobial agents. Although absorption of orally administered drugs is not affected in a significant way, renal function decreases, drug-drug interactions increase, compliance with regimens may be decreased, and drug tox...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70252-x

    authors: Stalam M,Kaye D

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • Infections complicating severe pancreatitis.

    abstract::Infections accompanying severe pancreatitis are secondary and of three types: infected pancreatic necrosis, infected pseudocyst (including peripancreatic fluid collection), and pancreatic abscess. The first is an earlier, more morbid process, with antibiotics supportive and surgical debridement necessary. The latter t...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Traverso LW

    更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00

  • Meta-analytical studies on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

    abstract::Since the beginning of the epidemic, extensive research has been conducted in the field of HIV infection. Original research and subsequent meta-analyses have contributed to a better understanding of the disease. Epidemiologic research has shown, for example, that male circumcision reduces the risk of female-to-male tr...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.01.013

    authors: Vergidis PI,Falagas ME,Hamer DH

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Approach to diagnosis of meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid evaluation.

    abstract::CSF evaluation is the single most important aspect of the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis. Analysis of the CSF abnormalities produced by bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections may greatly facilitate diagnosis and direct initial therapy. Basic studies of CSF that should be performed in all patients with men...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Greenlee JE

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Lyme disease.

    abstract::The rapid rate of increase in reported cases of Lyme disease exceeds that of any zoonotic disease, and the annual occurrence of cases is greater than the sum of all other tick-borne illnesses in the United States. This, in addition to the geographic spread of cases to most of the United States, has greatly heightened ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Buchstein SR,Gardner P

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Meningitis due to protozoa and helminths.

    abstract::This article reviews the microbiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and recent advances in the therapy of protozoan and helminthic infections of the central nervous system, with more emphasis given to protozoan than to helminthic infections. ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Niu MT,Duma RJ

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Applications of therapy in animal models to bacterial infection in human disease.

    abstract::Animal models have proven to be invaluable in bridging the gap between in vitro susceptibility testing of an antibiotic and anticipating results obtained in clinical studies. Variables such as antibiotic concentration, inoculum of organism, and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug can be carefully controlled to prov...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Tunkel AR,Scheld WM

    更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • Life-threatening deep fascial space infections of the head and neck.

    abstract::In the preantibiotic era, deep fascial space infections were common, and physicians were well acquainted with their complex and sometimes subtle manifestations. Widespread use of antibiotics, however, not only has significantly decreased the incidence of deep neck infections but also has altered their clinical manifes...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Blomquist IK,Bayer AS

    更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00

  • Erythema migrans.

    abstract::Erythema migrans (EM) is the most common objective manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Systemic symptoms are usually present. Most patients do not recall a preceding tick bite. Despite a characteristic appearance, EM is not pathognomonic for Lyme disease and must be distinguished from other similar appear...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.001

    authors: Nadelman RB

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • International health training. The Tulane experience.

    abstract::At the heart of imminent healthcare reform are the future physicians of this decade. Medical educators will want to stimulate a desire within students to practice humanitarian, cost-effective, community-oriented primary care. Further studies to examine the effects of medical student experiences in international electi...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Chiller TM,De Mieri P,Cohen I

    更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00

  • Newer penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors.

    abstract::The penicillins continue to be important antibiotics for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. The emergence of resistant microorganism has led to the development of newer penicillin compounds that have extended spectrums of antimicrobial activity. Beta-lactamase production by many pathogenic bact...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Bush LM,Calmon J,Johnson CC

    更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • Collaborative Antimicrobial Stewardship: Working with Hospital and Health System Administration.

    abstract::Successful antimicrobial stewardship programs rely on engagement with hospital administrators. Antimicrobial stewards should understand the unique pressures and demands of hospital and health system administration and be familiar with key terminology and regulatory requirements. This article provides guidance on strat...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2019.10.003

    authors: Buckel WR,Kaye KS,Patel PK

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • The compromised traveler.

    abstract::Compromised travelers represent a diverse and challenging group of individuals. They include HIV-infected patients who are at risk for potentially adverse reactions to immunizations, and new exposures to enteric water-borne opportunistic pathogens associated with chronic infections. Such travelers may encounter unfami...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70010-6

    authors: Mileno MD,Bia FJ

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Gynecologic issues in the HIV-infected woman.

    abstract::In this article, gynecologic conditions of increased importance in the HIV-infected woman are discussed. Women living with HIV may have an increase in menstrual disorders, lower genital tract neoplasias, gynecologic surgery, and sexually transmitted infections. The literature relevant to choosing a method of contracep...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2008.05.006

    authors: Cejtin HE

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical and serologic aspects.

    abstract::The identification of characteristic clinical, serologic, and immunologic responses to primary HIV infection has contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural history of HIV infection. Subjects usually present with a mononucleosis-like illness and during the period of primary infection there is a characteris...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Tindall B,Cooper DA,Donovan B,Penny R

    更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00

  • Mass gatherings and infectious diseases: prevention, detection, and control.

    abstract::Mass gatherings have attracted the attention of the medical community because of the increased demand made on existing services and the potential for public health problems resulting from changes in population dynamics and behaviors. Crowding, lack of hygiene, and rapid population movement at mass gatherings can lead ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2012.05.005

    authors: Al-Tawfiq JA,Memish ZA

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Use of antibacterial agents in renal failure.

    abstract::This article provides background information on the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents in patients who have normal and impaired renal function. Tables are provided to allow quick determination of appropriate dosages for varying degrees of renal failure. The use of serum levels; newer strategies for cefazolin, va...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.06.009

    authors: Gilbert B,Robbins P,Livornese LL Jr

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Escherichia coli and Klebsiella vaccines and immunotherapy.

    abstract::A polyvalent vaccine has been prepared from the capsular polysaccharide of 24 different serotypes of Klebsiella spp. Nearly 200 volunteers have received this vaccine. It is very well tolerated and elicits both binding (ELISA) and functional antibody to 21 of 24 antigens. Antibodies were also detected against 10 seroty...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Cross AS,Sadoff JC,Furer E,Cryz SJ Jr

    更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00

  • The Changing Epidemiology of Meningococcal Disease.

    abstract::The incidence of meningococcal disease is at an historic low in the United States, but prevention remains a priority because of the devastating outcomes and risk for outbreaks. Available vaccines are recommended routinely for persons at increased risk for disease to protect against all major serogroups of Neisseria me...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.002

    authors: Cohn A,MacNeil J

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Antibacterial susceptibility testing in the clinical laboratory.

    abstract::This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. The emergence of resistance in nearly all commonly isolated bacterial organisms has highlighted the need for ongoing dialogue between the ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.04.001

    authors: Joyce M,Woods CW

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • Acute diarrheal disease in children: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment.

    abstract::Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The causes of acute diarrhea in children vary with the location, time of year, and population studied. There is increasing recognition of a widening array of enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal diseases. Adequate fluid ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.05.003

    authors: Dennehy PH

    更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00

  • Infection in organ transplantation: risk factors and evolving patterns of infection.

    abstract::The nature of infections after solid-organ transplantation has changed with increasingly potent immunosuppressive regimens, routine use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, and improved microbiologic diagnostic tools. New pathogens have been identified in this population including many with significant antimicrobial resistan...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2010.01.005

    authors: Fishman JA,Issa NC

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Systemic fungal infections: diagnosis and treatment. I. Histoplasmosis.

    abstract::Histoplasmosis is a fungus disease of nearly worldwide distribution. Because of its wide distribution and tendency to be endemic near large cities, it is the most common systemic mycosis in the United States, with an estimated 500,000 new infections per year. Although millions of persons in the United States have been...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Wheat LJ

    更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00

  • Antibiotics for gram-positive bacterial infections: vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, and daptomycin.

    abstract::An overview of the mechanism of action, dosing, clinical indications, and toxicities of the glycopeptide vancomycin is provided. Emerging gram-positive bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and its mechanisms are reviewed. Strategies to control emergence of resistance are proposed. Newer antimicrobial agents with act...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.04.014

    authors: Lundstrom TS,Sobel JD

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • Prevention of traveler's diarrhea.

    abstract::Preventing traveler's diarrhea is usually a matter of common sense, good luck, and the host's ability to defend against enteric pathogens, particularly enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Untreated tap water, ice cubes, unpasteurized milk products, salads, food from street vendors, and dining in unhygienic-appearing res...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Tellier R,Keystone JS

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00

  • Nervous system Lyme disease.

    abstract::Lyme disease affects the nervous system in about 10% to 15% of infected individuals, most commonly causing lymphocytic meningitis. Cranial neuropathies, particularly facial nerve palsy, also occur frequently. Figuring prominently in the European literature, but less emphasized in the United States, is painful radiculi...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.12.009

    authors: Halperin JJ

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Immunotherapy with antibodies to core lipopolysaccharide: a critical appraisal.

    abstract::The unknowns persisting in the understanding of the mode of action of anti-core lipopolysaccharide antibodies are discussed, and a study of two anti-lipid A monoclonal antibodies is reviewed. This article also critically analyzes the results of the recent clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies. ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Baumgartner JD

    更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00

  • Viral and fungal infections of the oral cavity in immunocompetent patients.

    abstract::Oral lesions are easily visualized and often are signs of systemic diseases. Clinical diagnosis of viral and fungal infections can sometimes be confusing because many lesions will have similar clinical presentations. This article reviews the more common viral- and fungal-associated lesions found in the oral cavity in ...

    journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70110-0

    authors: Glick M,Siegel MA

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00