Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Paraquat is an effective and widely used herbicide but is also a lethal poison. In many developing countries paraquat is widely available and inexpensive, making poisoning prevention difficult. However most of the people who become poisoned from paraquat have taken it as a means of suicide.Standard treatment for paraquat poisoning both prevents further absorption and reduces the load of paraquat in the blood through haemoperfusion or haemodialysis. The effectiveness of standard treatments is extremely limited.The immune system plays an important role in exacerbating paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Immunosuppressive treatment using glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide in combination is being developed and studied. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide on mortality in patients with paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. SEARCH STRATEGY:To identify randomised controlled trials on this topic, we searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register (searched 15 Sept 2009), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 3), MEDLINE (Ovid SP) (1950 September Week 1 2009), EMBASE (Ovid SP) (1980 to 2009 Week 37), ISI Web of Science: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) (1970 to Sept 2009), ISI Web of Science: Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S) (1990 to Sept 2009), Chinese bio-medical literature & retrieval system (CBM) (1978 to Sept 2009), Chinese medical current contents (CMCC) (1995 to Sept 2009), and Chinese medical academic conference (CMAC) (1994-Sept 2009). The searches were completed in September 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review. All patients were to receive standard care, plus the intervention or control. The intervention was glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide in combination versus a control of a placebo, standard care alone, or any other therapy in addition to standard care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:The mortality risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each study on an intention-to-treat basis. Data for all-cause mortality at final follow-up were summarised in a meta-analysis using a fixed-effects model. MAIN RESULTS:This systematic review includes three trials with a combined total of 164 participants who had moderate to severe paraquat poisoning. Patients who received glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide in addition to standard care had a lower risk of death at final follow-up than those receiving standard care only (RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.89)). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:Based on the findings of three small RCTs of moderate to severely poisoned patients, glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide in addition to standard care may be a beneficial treatment for patients with paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. To enable further study of the effects of glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide for patients with moderate to severe paraquat poisoning, hospitals may provide this treatment as part of an RCT with allocation concealment.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Li LR,Sydenham E,Chaudhary B,You Cdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD008084.pub2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-06-16 00:00:00pages
CD008084issue
6issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Depressive illness in older people causes significant suffering and health service utilisation. Relapse and recurrence rates are high. OBJECTIVES:To examine the efficacy of antidepressants and psychological therapies in preventing the relapse and recurrence of depression in older people. SEARCH METHODS:Sea...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006727.pub2
更新日期:2012-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elective caesarean delivery for women in labour with a small or immature baby might reduce the chances of fetal or neonatal death, but it might also increase the risk of maternal morbidity. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of a policy of elective caesarean delivery versus expectant management for small babi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000078
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, in combination with chemotherapy improves overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone when used for induction therapy for patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed indolent lymphoma. Randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that maintenance treatment with...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006552.pub2
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anaemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in many developing countries where nutritional deficiency, malaria and other parasitic infections contribute to increased maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of iron supplementation o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000117
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008471.pub2
更新日期:2011-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality compared to the background population. Observational studies report an association between reduced blood glucose and reduced risk of both micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with T2D. Ou...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008143.pub3
更新日期:2013-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rosacea is a common skin condition affecting the face, characterised by flushing, redness, pimples, pustules and dilated blood vessels. The eyes are often also involved. The cause of rosacea is unclear. It is a chronic disease, which can be controlled in most cases with appropriate treatment. Numerous treatm...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003262.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In areas where vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health concern, the maternal dietary intake of vitamin A may be not sufficient to meet either the maternal nutritional requirements, or those of the breastfed infant, due the low retinol concentrations in breast milk. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005944.pub3
更新日期:2016-03-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Researchers have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from oily fish (long-chain omega-3 (LCn3), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), as well as from plants (alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)) benefit cardiovascular health. Guidelines recommend increasing omega-3-rich...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub4
更新日期:2018-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because spontaneous (non-traumatic) intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) volume influences its outcome and a third of ICHs enlarge by a third within 24 hours of onset, early haemostatic drug therapy might improve outcome. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES:To examine the c...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005951.pub3
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asthma is a common condition characterised by airway inflammation and airway narrowing, which can result in intermittent symptoms of wheezing, coughing and chest tightness, possibly limiting activities of daily life. Water-based exercise is believed to offer benefits for people with asthma through pollen-fre...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010456.pub2
更新日期:2014-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the end point of long-term substitution treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of opioid antagonists in combination with minimal sedation to manage opioid withdrawal. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Central Regist...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002021.pub3
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cocaine dependence is a public health problem characterized by recidivism and a host of medical and psychosocial complications. Cocaine dependence remains a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists, although considerable advances in the neurobiology of this addiction could gu...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006306.pub2
更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries a high risk of stroke and other thromboembolic events. Appropriate use of drugs to prevent thromboembolism in patients with AF involves comparing the patient's risk of stroke to the risk of hemorrhage from medication use. OBJECTIVES:To quantify risk of stroke, major hemorrha...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001938.pub2
更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A wide variety of grafts have been introduced with the aim of improving the outcomes of traditional native tissue repair (colporrhaphy) for vaginal prolapse. OBJECTIVES:To determine the safety and effectiveness of transvaginal mesh or biological grafts compared to native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse. ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012079
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Wound drains are often used after plastic and reconstructive surgery of the breast, in order to reduce potential complications. It is unclear whether there is any evidence to support this practice and we therefore undertook a systematic review of the best evidence available. OBJECTIVES:To compare the safety...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007258.pub2
更新日期:2013-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) with or without tinnitus is common and presents a health problem with significant effect on quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may improve oxygen supply to the inner ear and, it is postulated, may result in an improvement in hearing and/or a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004739.pub3
更新日期:2007-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has long been believed that antibiotics have no role in treating common colds yet they are often prescribed in the belief that they may prevent secondary bacterial infections. Given the increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance it is important to examine the evidence for the benefit of antibiotics f...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000247.pub2
更新日期:2005-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fluid excess may place patients undergoing surgery at risk for various complications. Hypertonic saline (HS) maintains intravascular volume with less intravenous fluid than isotonic salt (IS) solutions, but may increase serum sodium. OBJECTIVES:To determine the benefits and harms of HS versus IS solutions a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005576.pub2
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Several trials have studied the role of altered fractionation radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but the effect of such treatment on survival is not clear. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to assess whether this type of radiotherapy could improve...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2010-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to perform, however, increased rates of dislocation have...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003828.pub3
更新日期:2006-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Both antithyroid medications and radioiodine are commonly used treatments but their frequency of use varies between regions and countries. Despite the commonness of the diagnosis, any possible differences between the two treatments with respect to ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010094.pub2
更新日期:2016-02-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cervical dystonia is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. In recent years, Botulinum toxin Type A (BtA) has become the first line therapy. However its true efficacy, in particular the potential effect size...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003633.pub2
更新日期:2005-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Weight gain is often considered a side effect of combination hormonal contraceptives, and many women and clinicians believe that an association exists. Concern about weight gain can limit the use of this highly effective method of contraception by deterring the initiation of its use and causing early discont...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003987.pub2
更新日期:2006-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is commonly used for preventing further allergic reactions to insect stings in people who have had a sting reaction. The efficacy and safety of this treatment has not previously been assessed by a high-quality systematic review. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of immunotherapy usi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008838.pub2
更新日期:2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Therapeutic Touch (TT) is an alternative therapy that has gained popularity over the past two decades for helping wounds to heal. Practitioners enter a meditative state and pass their hands above the patient's body to find and correct any imbalances in the patient's 'life energy' or chi. Scientific instrumen...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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更新日期:2012-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Leprosy causes nerve damage which may result in nerve function impairment and disability. Decompressive surgery is used for treating nerve damage, although the effect is uncertain. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of decompressive surgery on nerve damage in leprosy. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006983.pub2
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the intrinsic system of controlling airway calibre, the cholinergic (muscarinic) sympathetic nervous system has an important role. Anticholinergic, anti muscarinic bronchodilators such as ipratropium bromide are frequently used in the management of childhood airway disease. In asthma, ipratropium is a les...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003535
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia. Long-acting depot injections of drugs such as bromperidol decanoate are extensively used as a means of long-term maintenance treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of depot bromperidol versus placebo, oral antipsychotics and other depot ...
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更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oral analgesia is a convenient and widely used form of pain relief following caesarean section. It includes various medications used at different doses alone or in adjunction to other form of analgesia. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of oral analgesia for post-caesa...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2015-03-29 00:00:00