[Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiological Data from an Orthopaedic Department in North-West Germany].

Abstract:

:Background MRSA represents a considerable health threat to orthopaedic patients. Throughout the last decade, livestock-associated MRSA emerged increasingly in livestock all over Europe. LA-MRSA broke the species barrier, colonizing and causing infections in humans. Nevertheless, to date there are no studies concerning livestock-associated MRSA and orthopaedic patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of LA-MRSA in a regional orthopaedic department localized in an area with high-density livestock. Patients and Methods 1544 persons were enrolled in this prospective study. Nasal swabs and questionnaires were collected in patients admitted to the orthopaedic hospital. Nasal carriage was assessed by using selective MRSA agars. MRSA-positive samples were spa typed. Results Overall, the prevalence of MRSA carriage was 3.3%, nearly all spa types were indicative for LA-MRSA. 91% of all LA-MRSA carriers had contact to livestock during the last 6 months before testing. Conclusion Livestock-associated MRSA emerged rapidly over the last few years and will contribute substantially to MRSA infection rates in orthopaedic hospitals. Livestock-associated patients must be screened before admission in order to control infectious complications. :Hintergrund Methicillin-resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stellen eine erhebliche Gesundheitsgefährdung dar. Lange Zeit standen die sog. „healthcare-associated (HA)“ und „community-acquired (CA)“ MRSA-Stämme im Augenmerk der medizinischen Forschung. In den letzten 10 Jahren rückte jedoch zunehmend die Gruppe der „livestock-associated MRSA“ (LA-MRSA) in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus. Epidemiologische Studien zeigten, dass LA-MRSA CC398 die Speziesbarriere durchbrachen und im Zuge dessen Menschen kolonisierten und zu Infektionen führten. Bislang liegen jedoch noch keine Daten zur Kolonisierung orthopädischer Patienten mit LA-MRSA vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Prävalenz einer LA-MRSA-Besiedelung des durchschnittlichen orthopädischen Patienten einer orthopädischen Fachklinik zu bestimmen und im zeitlichen Verlauf zu betrachten. Des Weiteren soll ein Risikoprofil der typischen LA-MRSA-Träger bestimmt werden. Patienten und Methoden Die vorliegende prospektive Untersuchung schloss insgesamt 1544 Personen ein, die im Zeitraum 01.01.2009 bis 30.06.2009 und 01.04.2012 bis 31.03.2013 untersucht worden waren. Dabei handelte es sich um Patienten, die wegen einer elektiven orthopädischen Behandlung im St.-Antonius-Stift in Emstek, Niedersachsen, stationär aufgenommen worden waren. Bei Aufnahme erfolgte ein Nasenabstrich sowie die Abfrage potenzieller Risikofaktoren mittels Fragebogen. Bei positivem Abstrichbefund wurde eine MRSA-Typisierung durchgeführt, um das Vorliegen einer Infektion mit Hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) oder einer Lifestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) zu bestimmen. Die Daten der Fragebögen sowie der mikrobiologischen Untersuchung wurden mittels SPSS Version 16.0 übertragen und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse An der Studie nahmen insgesamt 1544 Probanden teil. Es handelte sich um 726 männliche (47%) und 818 weibliche (53%) Studienteilnehmer mit einem mittleren Alter von 58,3 ± 0,73 Jahren (Median: 61,3 Jahre). In diesem Gesamtkollektiv wurde nach der mikrobiologischen Untersuchung der Nasenabstriche bei 51 Probanden (3,3%) eine MRSA-Besiedelung nachgewiesen, während 371 Probanden (24%) eine nasale MSSA-Besiedelung (MSSA: Methicillin-sensibler Staphylococcus aureus) aufwiesen. Dabei ergab sich, dass Studienteilnehmer mit nasaler MRSA-Besiedelung signifikant häufiger direkten Kontakt zu Nutztieren aufwiesen als Probanden ohne nasale MRSA-Besiedelung (59 vs. 11%, p = 0,001). Von den untersuchten 1544 Probanden hatten 30% (n = 463) einen Kontakt zu einer Person mit Nutztieren binnen der letzten 6 Monate. Von den 51 Studienteilnehmern mit nasaler MRSA-Besiedelung hatten 91% Kontakt zu einer Person mit Nutztieren, entsprechend einer statistischen Signifikanz von p < 0,001 im Vergleich zum Anteil der Probanden ohne nasale MRSA-Besiedelung. Alle positiven MRSA-Abstriche wurden einer spa-Typisierung unterzogen. Nur 4 der 51 positiven MRSA-Abstriche waren einem HA-MRSA zuzuordnen (t003, t068, t032). 47 Proben zeigten spa-Typisierungen (t011, t034), die für eine LA-MRSA-Besiedelung charakteristisch sind. Schlussfolgerung Dies ist unseres Wissens die erste Studie, die sich mit der Durchseuchung orthopädischer Patienten und LA-MRSA beschäftigt. Wir konnten zeigen, dass LA-MRSA in Hochrisikogebieten eine zunehmende Rolle bei der Versorgung orthopädischer Patienten spielt. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass keine Verdrängung der CA- und HA-MRSA stattfindet, sondern LA-MRSA eine zusätzliche Besiedelungsquelle darstellt. Patienten, die in der Viehzucht beschäftigt sind oder Kontakt zu Nutztieren haben, sowie deren Familienmitglieder, sollten regelhaft vor orthopädischen Eingriffen gescreent werden. Nur so können die Gefahren einer LA-MRSA-Infektion kontrolliert werden.

journal_name

Z Orthop Unfall

authors

Maier GS,Thorey F,Kolbow K,Lazovic D,Lühmann M,Ohnsorge J,Maus U

doi

10.1055/s-0043-103457

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-06-01 00:00:00

pages

304-309

issue

3

eissn

1864-6697

issn

1864-6743

journal_volume

155

pub_type

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