Rapid Assessment of Drugs of Abuse.

Abstract:

:Laboratory testing for drugs of abuse has become standard practice in many settings both forensic and clinical. Urine is the predominant specimen, but other specimens are possible including hair, nails, sweat, and oral fluid. Point-of-care test kits provide for rapid analysis at the site where specimens are collected allowing for immediate action on the results. POCT is based on immunochromatography where the drug in the patient's sample competes with drug and antibody conjugates in the test to develop or block the development of a colored line. Most POCTs are visually interpreted in a few minutes. The potential for false positives is possible due to drug cross-reactivity with the antibodies in the test. False negatives are also possible due to dilution of the sample and the potential for adulteration or sample substitution by the patient. POCT shows more variability than central laboratory testing because of the variety of operators involved in the testing process, but POCT has good agreement for most tests with mass spectrometry provided comparable cutoffs and cross-reactivity of drugs/metabolites are considered. Validation of the test performance with the intended operators will identify potential interferences and operational issues before implementing the test in routine practice. POCT offers faster turnaround of test results provided the limitations and challenges of the test are considered.

journal_name

Adv Clin Chem

authors

Wiencek JR,Colby JM,Nichols JH

doi

10.1016/bs.acc.2016.11.003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-01-01 00:00:00

pages

193-225

eissn

0065-2423

issn

2162-9471

pii

S0065-2423(16)30099-3

journal_volume

80

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance.

    abstract::Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including seques...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7

    authors: Speeckaert MM,Speeckaert R,van Geel N,Delanghe JR

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Circulating Tumor Cells and Implications of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

    abstract::The majority of cancer-related deaths result from metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape the primary tumor site and enter into the blood circulation in order to disseminate to secondary locations throughout the body. Tumor cells found within the circulation are referred to as circulating tumor cells (CTC...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2017.10.004

    authors: Lowes LE,Allan AL

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer therapy and replication stress: forks on the road to perdition.

    abstract::Deregulated DNA replication occurs in cancer where it contributes to genomic instability. This process is a target of cytotoxic therapies. Chemotherapies exploit high DNA replication in cancer cells by modifying the DNA template or by inhibiting vital enzymatic activities that lead to slowing or stalling replication f...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2014.12.003

    authors: Kotsantis P,Jones RM,Higgs MR,Petermann E

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Glutathione as a Marker for Human Disease.

    abstract::Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as "the master antioxidant," participates not only in antioxidant defense systems, but many metabolic processes, and therefore its role cannot be overstated. GSH deficiency causes cellular risk for oxidative damage and thus as expected, GSH imbalance is observed in a wide range of ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2018.07.004

    authors: Teskey G,Abrahem R,Cao R,Gyurjian K,Islamoglu H,Lucero M,Martinez A,Paredes E,Salaiz O,Robinson B,Venketaraman V

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Interpreting the proteome and peptidome in transplantation.

    abstract::Publication of the human proteome has prompted efforts to develop high-throughput techniques that can catalogue and quantify proteins and peptides present in different tissue types. The field of proteomics aims to identify, quantify, analyze, and functionally define a large number of proteins in cellular processes in ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(09)47006-9

    authors: Sigdel TK,Klassen RB,Sarwal MM

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Manganese superoxide dismutase and oxidative stress modulation.

    abstract::Oxidative stress is characterized by imbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. Two main antioxidant systems exist. The nonenzymatic system relies on molecules to directly quench ROS and the enzymatic system is composed of specific enzymes that detoxify ROS. Among the latter, the sup...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2014.11.001

    authors: Bresciani G,da Cruz IB,González-Gallego J

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pathways of myocyte death: implications for development of clinical laboratory biomarkers.

    abstract::The recognition that cardiac myocytes die by multiple mechanisms and thus substantially affect ventricular remodeling in diseased human hearts supports the concept of ongoing myocyte death in the progression of heart failure and constitutes the basis of this review. In addition, based on the pathophysiology of myocard...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(05)40002-5

    authors: Kostin S

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Markers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

    abstract::Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disorder worldwide, encompasses a spectrum of abnormal liver histology ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Population studies show that NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 d...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407680-8.00004-x

    authors: Armutcu F,Akyol S,Ucar F,Erdogan S,Akyol O

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Proteome of Cataract Markers: Focus on Crystallins.

    abstract::Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide. It is characterized by lens opacification and is accompanied by extensive posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in various proteins. PTMs play an essential role in lens opacification. Several PTMs have been described in proteins isolated from relatively old human lens...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2018.05.005

    authors: Zhang K,Zhu X,Lu Y

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • The chemical and laboratory investigation of hemolysis.

    abstract::The abnormal breakdown of circulating red blood cells (RBCs), also known as hemolysis, is a significant clinical issue that can present as a primary disorder or arise secondary to another disease process. The evaluation for pathologic hemolysis (and the establishment of a hemolytic disorder) is heavily dependent on as...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2018.12.006

    authors: Siddon AJ,Tormey CA

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Diagnosis of infection in critical care.

    abstract::Sepsis is the primary cause of death in the intensive care unit. The prevention of sepsis complications requires an early and accurate diagnosis as well as the appropriate mon itoring. A deep knowledge of the immunologic basis of sepsis is essential to better understand the scope of incorporating a new marker into cli...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800141-7.00002-4

    authors: Prieto B,Alvarez Menéndez FV

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Marine sulfated glycans with serpin-unrelated anticoagulant properties.

    abstract::Marine organisms are a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with unique structures. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) from the sea cucumber Ludwigothurea grisea and sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis are one of these unusual molecules. Besides their uncommon structures, they also ex...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800096-0.00007-x

    authors: Glauser BF,Mourão PA,Pomin VH

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Folate and B12 in prostate cancer.

    abstract::Mechanisms postulated to link folate and B12 metabolism with cancer, including genome-wide hypomethylation, gene-specific promoter hypermethylation, and DNA uracil misincorporation, have been observed in prostate tumor cells. However, epidemiological studies of prostate cancer risk, based on dietary intakes and blood ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407681-5.00001-5

    authors: Collin SM

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Prostaglandin EP receptors and their roles in mucosal protection and ulcer healing in the gastrointestinal tract.

    abstract::Endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in modulating the mucosal integrity and various functions of the alimentary tract, and E type PGs are most effective in these actions. PGE2 protects against acid reflux esophagitis and affords gastric cytoprotection against ethanol and indomethacin. These effects ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(10)51005-9

    authors: Takeuchi K

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Application of Nanoscale Bioassemblies to Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics.

    abstract::This chapter summarizes progress in several approaches and devices that will improve and augment existing diagnostic techniques. The term bionanotechnology has been used to describe the science that supports the construction of nanoscale bioassemblies. In each of the present applications to diagnostics, bionanotechnol...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/S0065-2423(05)41002-1

    authors: Clark J,Smith SS

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Strategy to develop clinical peptide biomarkers for more accurate evaluation of the pathophysiological status of this syndrome.

    abstract::Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is the most common and widely known as serious complication of pregnancy. As this syndrome is a major leading cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity/mortality worldwide, many studies have sought to identify candidate molecules as potential disease biomarkers (DBMs) f...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.007

    authors: Araki Y,Yanagida M

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metaproteomic analysis of human gut microbiome in digestive and metabolic diseases.

    abstract::Metaproteomics, as a subfield of proteomics, has quickly emerged as a pivotal tool for global characterization of a microbiome system at a functional level. It has been increasingly applied in studying human digestive and metabolic diseases, and provides information-rich data to identify the dysbiosis of human gut mic...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2019.12.002

    authors: Pan S,Chen R

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Serum bilirubin levels and cardiovascular disease risk: a Janus Bifrons?

    abstract::This review examines in vitro and in vivo studies, indicating that bilirubin inhibits lipid oxidation and oxygen radical formation. Experimental and epidemiological evidence is presented that suggests that bilirubin may serve as a physiological antioxidant providing protection against cardiovascular disease. Special a...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(10)50003-9

    authors: Franchini M,Targher G,Lippi G

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Identifying and reducing potentially wrong immunoassay results even when plausible and "not-unreasonable".

    abstract::The primary role of the clinical laboratory is to report accurate results for diagnosis of disease and management of illnesses. This goal has, to a large extent been achieved for routine biochemical tests, but not for immunoassays which remained susceptible to interference from endogenous immunoglobulin antibodies, ca...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801401-1.00007-4

    authors: Ismail AA

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Significance.

    abstract::Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of interdependent factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS in postmenopause is due to ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.001

    authors: Stefanska A,Bergmann K,Sypniewska G

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor biology.

    abstract::There is now substantial evidence for the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in causation and prevention of cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were considered attractive candidate chemoprevention agents; however, concerns over the toxicity of systemic selective inhibition have cast some doubt on COX-2 inhibition ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Kanaoka S,Takai T,Yoshida K

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolomics in Newborns.

    abstract::Metabolomics is the quantitative analysis of a large number of low molecular weight metabolites that are intermediate or final products of all the metabolic pathways in a living organism. Any metabolic profiles detectable in a human biological fluid are caused by the interaction between gene expression and the environ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2015.12.006

    authors: Noto A,Fanos V,Dessì A

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Epigenetic Mechanisms and Aberrant MicroRNA.

    abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age affecting various functions including reproduction and metabolism. This syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease as well as endometrial and ovarian cancer. This syndrome is high...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2015.06.001

    authors: Ilie IR,Georgescu CE

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pathogenic mechanisms of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA): their prevalence and clinical relevance.

    abstract::Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) represent a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies directed against structural endothelial proteins, as well as antigens adhering to endothelial cells. Although AECA immunoassays still show a high-interlaboratory variability, several findings suggest a pathogenic role of these a...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(06)42008-4

    authors: Alessandri C,Bombardieri M,Valesini G

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Multidrug resistance in the laboratory and clinic.

    abstract::Multidrug resistance represents a major obstacle in the successful therapy of neoplastic diseases. Studies have demonstrated that this form of drug resistance occurs in cultured tumor cell lines as well as in human cancers. P-glycoprotein appears to play an important role in such cells by acting as an energy-dependent...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60332-7

    authors: Bellamy WT,Dalton WS

    更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immunosensors in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics.

    abstract::The application of simple, cost-effective, rapid, and accurate diagnostic technologies for detection and identification of cardiac and cancer biomarkers has been a central point in the clinical area. Biosensors have been recognized as efficient alternatives for the diagnostics of various diseases due to their specific...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2015.10.004

    authors: Justino CI,Duarte AC,Rocha-Santos TA

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Uncertainty in Measurement: Procedures for Determining Uncertainty With Application to Clinical Laboratory Calculations.

    abstract::In Part II of this review we consider the very common case of multiple inputs to a measurement process. We derive, using only elementary steps and the basic mathematics covered in Part I, the formula for the propagation of uncertainties from the inputs to the output. The Gaussian density distribution is briefly explai...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.003

    authors: Frenkel RB,Farrance I

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Advances in DNA/RNA detection using nanotechnology.

    abstract::Specific nucleic acid detection in vitro or in vivo has become increasingly important in the discovery of genetic diseases, diagnosing pathogen infection and monitoring disease treatment. One challenge, however, is that the amount of target nucleic acid in specimens is limited. Furthermore, direct sensing methods are ...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2019.03.002

    authors: Zhou H,Liu J,Xu JJ,Zhang S,Chen HY

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Relevance of the lectin pathway of complement in rheumatic diseases.

    abstract::Due to its importance both in the clearance of pathogens that contribute as rheumatic etiological agents and in the disposal of apoptotic bodies and potential autoimmune initiators, deficiencies of the components of the lectin pathway of complement have been found to increase susceptibility and modulate the severity o...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394317-0.00012-1

    authors: Boldt AB,Goeldner I,de Messias-Reason IJ

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Ammonia metabolism and hyperammonemic disorders.

    abstract::Human adults produce around 1000 mmol of ammonia daily. Some is reutilized in biosynthesis. The remainder is waste and neurotoxic. Eventually most is excreted in urine as urea, together with ammonia used as a buffer. In extrahepatic tissues, ammonia is incorporated into nontoxic glutamine and released into blood. Larg...

    journal_title:Advances in clinical chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2014.09.002

    authors: Walker V

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00