Abstract：
:Soil and groundwater are key components in the sustainable management of the subsurface environment. Source contamination is one of its main threats and is commonly addressed using established remediation techniques such as in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR; most notably using zero-valent iron [ZVI]), enhanced in-situ bioremediation (EISB), phytoremediation, soil-washing, pump-and-treat, soil vapour extraction (SVE), thermal treatment, and excavation and disposal. Decades of field applications have shown that these techniques can successfully treat or control contaminants in higher permeability subsurface materials such as sands, but achieve only limited success at sites where low permeability soils, such as silts and clays, prevail. Electrokinetics (EK), a soil remediation technique mostly recognized in in-situ treatment of low permeability soils, has, for the last decade, been combined with more conventional techniques and can significantly enhance the performance of several of these remediation technologies, including ISCO, ISCR, EISB and phytoremediation. Herein, we discuss the use of emerging EK techniques in tandem with conventional remediation techniques, to achieve improved remediation performance. Furthermore, we highlight new EK applications that may come to play a role in the sustainable treatment of the contaminated subsurface.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Lima AT,Hofmann A,Reynolds D,Ptacek CJ,Van Cappellen P,Ottosen LM,Pamukcu S,Alshawabekh A,O'Carroll DM,Riis C,Cox E,Gent DB,Landis R,Wang J,Chowdhury AIA,Secord EL,Sanchez-Hachair Adoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.143subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-01 00:00:00pages
122-133eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(17)30504-0journal_volume
181pub_type
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